3个不同地区山胡椒的果、茎、叶挥发性成分分析

Analysis of Volatile Chemical Constituent in Fruits,Stems and Leaves of Litsea cubeba from Three Regions

为充分利用山胡椒的果、茎、叶,本研究通过GC-MS方法比较它们的化学组成差异,综合评价各自的特点,以期为拓宽山胡椒的应用提供依据。对采自云南怒江州3个地区山胡椒的果、茎、叶均采用二氯甲烷超声进行提取相应挥发性成分,通过GC-MS分析比较二氯甲烷提取物中各挥发物成分的含量差异,以期发现具有潜在应用价值的化学成分。结果发现,不同地区的山胡椒所含挥发物种类和含量均有差异,同地区山胡椒的不同部位之间所含挥发物种类和含量差别大。亚坪山胡椒的果、茎、叶中存在挥发物种类更多、更为丰富,各含有254、66、60个挥发物,金顶山胡椒的果、茎、叶中各含有192、60、76个挥发性化合物,姚家坪山胡椒的果茎叶各含有251、43、55个挥发物;3个地区山胡椒的果实间共同挥发物有43个,茎之间的共同挥发物有21个,叶之间的共同挥发物有24个。山胡椒的果实中醛类含量最多,其次含量较多的是有机酸类化合物;茎中多数为酯类化合物,其次是烷烃类化合物,叶片中多数为烷烃类、烯烃类化合物。在金顶和亚坪地区的山胡椒中,棕榈酸、正癸酸、月桂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量较高;在姚家坪地区的山胡椒中,4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-ol、epoxy-linalooloxide、geranic acid、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)环己酮、3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮这几种物质含量较高。上述物质在化工、医药等领域都有较大应用,3个地区山胡椒不同部位化学成分及含量的差别会导致其在应用上存在差别,该研究将为云南怒江州不同地区山胡椒果茎叶的开发利用提供一定科学依据。

To make full use of the fruit,stem and leaf parts of Litsea cubeba,the chemical composition differences were compared by GC-MS.The characteristics of the three regions were comprehensively evaluated,to provide basis for expanding the application of L.cubeba.The corresponding volatile components were extracted from the fruits,stems and leaves of L.cubeba collected from the areas by dichloromethane ultrasound.And the content differences of the volatile components in the dichloromethane extract were analyzed and compared by GC-MS to find the chemical components with potential application value.The results showed that there were significant differences in the types and content of volatiles in the different areas of the L.cubeba.And in the same area,there were differences in the types and content of volatile in different parts of L.cubeba.The types of volatiles of L.cubeba from Yaping were more varied and the contents of which were more abundant.The fruit,stem and leave parts of L.cubeba from Jinding contained 192,60 and 76volatile compounds respectively.The fruit stem and leave parts of L.cubeba from Yaping contained 254,66 and 60volatile compounds respectively.And the fruit,stem and leave parts of L.cubeba from Yaojiaping contained 251,43 and 55 volatile compounds respectively.There were 43 common volatiles in fruits,21 common volatiles in stems,and 24common volatiles in leaves in the three regions.The content of aldehydes was the most in fruits,followed by organic acids.Most of the esters in stems,followed by alkanes,and most of the alkanes and alkenes in leaves.The contents of palmitic acid,n-decanoic acid,lauric acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid were higher in L.cubeba from Jinding and Yaping areas.In L.cubeba from Yaojiaping area,the content of 4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-ol,epoxy-linalooloxide,geranic acid,(Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octandienal,2-methyl-5-(1-methylvinyl) cyclohexenone,3-methyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one was higher.The above mentioned substances are widely used in chemical industry,medicine and other fields.The difference of chemical composition and content in different parts of the L.cubeba in the three regions would lead to the difference in its application.This study would provide a certain scientific basis for the development and utilization of the stems and leaves of the L.cubeba in different areas of Nujiang Prefecture,Yunnan Province.