君子之道:《论语》中孔子的君子教育思想论析

The Way of a Gentleman:An Analysis of Confucius’ Gentleman Education Thought in the Analects of Confucius

君子教育是孔子开创并经后世不断丰富发展的一种主流的人才培养思想。孔子吸取商周时期的“礼乐教育”精髓,结合当时“学在民间”的文化发展现状,以“仁”“知”“勇”“礼”为主要教育内容,在私学教学中开创了“君子教育”。君子是孔子追求的人格理想,也是孔子在教育中对自身及弟子的要求。在教育内容上,他主张君子应当具备“仁”“知”“勇”“礼”等品质;在教育方法上,他主张君子应当求学、养德、修己、笃行,在自我完善的基础上以身作则,教育他人;在教育特点上,君子教育主要表现为内容上知识教育与道德教育并重,形式上理论教学与实践教学并重,功能上情感培育与政治教化并重。在大力推崇时代新人培育的当前,君子教育依旧具有极大的理论价值与现时意义。

Gentleman education is a mainstream talent cultivation method initiated by Confucius and continuously enriched and developed by later generations.Confucius absorbed the essence of “etiquette and music education” in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, combined with the cultural development status of “learning among the people” at that time, took “benevolence, knowledge, courage and propriety” as the main educational content, and created “gentleman education” in private school teaching.Gentleman is not only the personality ideal pursued by Confucius, but also the requirement of Confucius for himself and his disciples in education.In terms of educational content, he advocated that a gentleman should have the qualities of “benevolence, knowledge, courage and propriety”;In terms of educational methods, he advocated that gentlemen should seek learning, cultivate morality, cultivate themselves and practice conscientiously, and set an example to educate others on the basis of self-improvement;In terms of educational characteristics, it is mainly reflected in the equal emphasis on knowledge education and moral education in content, theoretical teaching and practical teaching in form, and emotional cultivation and political education in function.In the current era of vigorously advocating the cultivation of new people, gentleman education still has great theoretical value and real significance.