论学校教育中有价值的活动——基于彼得斯分析教育哲学观

On Valuable Activities in the School Education——Based on Peters’ Analytic Philosophy of Education

彼得斯认为,“有价值的活动”具有正当性、益于人们获得快乐和满足、能够改变人的世界观、让人们有意识地去追求四个特征,且缺一不可。学校教育中有价值的活动应当具有正当性,应当是“比较价值”较高的活动,应当有助于学生成为“受过教育的人”,应当有助于学生完成合乎需要的“自我实现”,应当引导学生能够从事“有价值的活动”,纯理论的学习活动也属于“有价值的教育活动”。彼得斯的理论给人们的启示在于:“学校教育中有价值的活动”不在于仅仅提供即刻的快乐和满足个人即刻的需要,而在于塑造全人;职业教育中的普通文化课程和普通高中的职业课程的学习是有价值的教育活动;高校通识教育和专业教育课程的学习是有价值的教育活动,需要统筹合理安排;研读经典著作是有价值的教育活动。

Peters believes that “valuable activities” have four characteristics: they are legitimate and beneficial to people’s happiness and satisfaction, they can change people’s worldviews and be consciously pursued by people, and all these four characteristics are indispensable, The valuable activities in the school education should be legitimate, should be activities with higher “comparative value”,should help students become “educated man”,should assist students to satisfy the needs of the “self-realization ”,should guide students to engage in “valuable activities”,and pure theoretical learning activities also belong to “valuable educational activities”.The enlightenment of Peters’ theory is that “valuable activities in school education” do not only provide immediate happiness and meet individual immediate needs, but also shape the whole person;the study of general cultural courses in vocational education and vocational courses in general high schools are valuable educational activities;the learning of general education and professional education courses in colleges and universities are valuable educational activities, which need to be coordinated and arranged reasonably;studying the classics is a valuable educational activity.