语文阅读理解测试如何凸显批判性思维取向——PISA阅读测试样题的命题策略及启示

How to Highlight Critical Thinking Orientation in Chinese Reading Comprehension Test——Propositional Strategies and Enlightenment from PISA Released Reading Literacy Items

批判性思维是人类思维品质的重要组成部分,也应作为语文测试的重点内容之一。将这一取向融入语文评价中,既要从观念上重视,还需要相应的命题策略来保证。重视批判性思维是PISA阅读素养测试中的一个亮点,其样题隐含四种命题策略:引导读者以审视的立场阅读文本;提供含竞争性信息的阅读材料;围绕核心问题设置有关联的问题链;给答题者预留超越文本意旨的空间。从这一视角考察近年北京等四市中考现代文阅读试题,则明显能看出其在这方面的不足,而PISA阅读测试样题中展示的部分命题策略可供我们借鉴。

Critical thinking is an important part of the quality of human thinking,which makes it become one of the key contents in Chinese tests.To integrating this orientation in Chinese evaluation,it is necessary to pay attention to critical thinking conceptually,and also to use corresponding propositional strategies.Emphasis on critical thinking is a bright spot in PISA reading test,which generates four propositional strategies hidden in PISA Released Reading Literacy Items:under the guidance of reading texts from the perspective of scrutiny;providing reading material with competitive information;setting related question chain focused on a core question;leaving space beyond the purpose of the text for respondents.From this perspective,in recent years,there are still some shortcomings in contemporary Chinese reading test questions in senior high school entrance examination of Beijing and three other cities.Thus,propositional strategies from PISA Released Reading Literacy Items can be used for reference.