《民法典》“正常经营买受人规则”适用解构

Applicable Deconstruction of“the Buyer Rule in Ordinary Course of Business”in the Civil Code

《民法典》第404条在《物权法》第189条第2款的基础上确立了“正常经营买受人规则”。对该规则依构成要件予以解构,方可便利司法适用。适用该规则,不仅需要满足“正常经营活动”“已经支付合理价款”“取得抵押财产”三个客观要件,还需考量“买受人”的主观状态,以民法基本原则为遵循予以限缩,以实现平衡买受人和抵押权人利益的制度价值。

Article 404 of the Civil Code establishes“the Buyer Rule in Ordinary Course of Business”on the basis of paragraph 2,Article 189 of the Real Right Law.The deconstruction of the rule according to the constitutive requirements can facilitate the judicial application.To apply this rule,it is not only necessary to meet the three objective requirements of“ordinary course of business”,“having been paid reasonable price”and“obtaining mortgaged property”,but also to consider the subjective state of the buyer and follow the basic principles of civil law,so as to realize the system value of balancing the interests of the buyer and the mortgagee.