构建绝对权请求权基础理论的一种思路--基于违法性的权利救济体系

On Constructing an Alternative Path to the Claim of Absolute Rights Theory:An Illegality-based Right Remedies System

我国民法理论在构建人格权请求权或绝对权请求权基础理论问题时,发生了归责原理与要件体系之间的矛盾。该现象是由于德国传统民法理论人为地分割了权利救济体系,并且将救济手段的适用范围与权利性质问题联结起来,因而造成了对新型权益的保护应对僵化的问题。为了解决这一问题,我国民法理论剥离了权利性质与救济手段之间的联系,但这种做法又造成了救济手段要件体系中权利性质枢纽的脱落,反而出现了毫无限制的利益衡量倾向。为解决上述问题,消弭我国绝对权请求权基础理论中的矛盾,我国民法理论应当在理解自身理论特点和实体法构造的前提下,以违法性为枢纽,以民事责任制度为实体法依托,建立一种统一的综合民事救济体系解释学说。

There is a contradiction between the principle of liability fixation and the system of constitutive elements in basic theory of the claim of personality right or absolute right in China’s civil law theory.This is because the right remedies system was artificially divided by the traditional German civil law theory,thereby linking the application range of the remedies to the nature of right.Therefore,it is hard to apply Chinese civil law theory to the protection of some new rights and interests.To solve this problem,China’s civil law theory has separated the link between the nature of rights and its remedies.But this has resulted in the malfunction of nature of rights in the system of elements of remedies.There is a tendency towards unrestricted and endless balancing of interests.To solve the above-mentioned problems and eliminate the contradiction in the Chinese basic theory of absolute claim,China’s civil law theory should first consider its own theoretical characteristics and the structure of substantive law,then establish a unified interpretation theory of comprehensive civil relief system based on the illegality and civil liability system.