坪山区3~6岁儿童心理发育问题预警征筛查现状及影响因素

Current situation of early warning sign screening for psychological development problems in children aged 3 to 6 years old in Pingshan District and its influencing factors

目的了解坪山区3~6岁儿童心理发育问题预警征筛查现状及影响因素。方法于2020年11月1—15日,采用随机分层整群抽样方法抽取坪山区省级1所、市级5所、区级6所幼儿园,采用自编问卷及儿童心理行为发育问题预警征象筛查量表对3119名儿童家长进行电子问卷调查。结果儿童发育行为预警征筛查阳性儿童488例(15.65%)其中精细动作阳性率为8.82%,语言能区阳性率6.93%,个人社交阳性率为3.37%,大运动阳性率为1.51%。男童个人社交、精细动作阳性率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预警征筛查阳性组和正常组在儿童户籍、性别、父母亲文化程度、同住人口数及家庭结构等情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男孩、母亲初中及以下学历为儿童预警征阳性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论3~6岁儿童心理发育问题预警征筛查阳性率较高,男孩、母亲初中及以下学历为儿童预警征阳性的独立危险因素。

Objective To understand the current situation of early warning sign screening for psychological development problems in children aged 3 to 6 years old in Pingshan District and its influencing factors.Methods From November 1 to 15,2020,one provincial-level,five municipal-level,and six district-level kindergartens in Pingshan District were randomly selected according to the random stratified cluster sampling method.A self-designed questionnaire and a screening form for early warning signs of children’s development problems of psychological behavior were adopted to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey on 3119 parents of kindergarten children.Results A total of 488 children(15.65%)were screened positive for early warning signs of children’s development behavior,of which the positive rate of fine motor was 8.82%,the positive rate of language ability area was 6.93%,the positive rate of personal social interaction was 3.37%,and the positive rate of large motor was 1.51%.The positive rate of personal social intercourse and fine movement in boys was higher than that in girls(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in children’s household registration,gender,education of parents,number of people living with children,and family structure between the positive group and the normal groups of early warning signs screening(P<0.05).Multi-factor logistic regression showed that gender as boy and mother with junior high school education or below were independent risk factors of positive early warning signs in children.Conclusion The positive screening rate of early warning signs of psychological development problems in children aged 3 to 6 years in Pingshan District was relatively high.Gender as boy and mother with junior high school education or below were the independent risk factors for children with early warning signs.