油气田企业推进CCUS技术应用面临的挑战及对策

Challenges and Countermeasures for Oil and Gas Fields to Promote Application of CCUS Technology

CCUS(碳捕集、利用与封存)作为CO_(2)减排重要措施之一,已成为油气田企业实现碳中和目标技术组合的重要组成部分。从驱油封存角度考虑,我国约有100×10^(8)t剩余石油地质储量适于CO_(2)驱油,CO_(2)增产及提高采收率技术是油气开采企业CCUS重要内容。国内CO_(2)-EOR项目的商业运营模式主要有独立运营模式和运营商模式,CCUS全流程成本300~400元/tCO_(2),其中碳捕集环节成本最高,约占总成本的70%以上。按8%基准收益率测算,当原油价格70美元/bbl时,可基本平衡CCUS驱油封存成本。CCUS技术要实现规模化应用,需应对CO_(2)利用、高成本、高投资三大挑战。综合考虑油气田企业现状,应从攻关全流程CCUS技术、以碳定价推动CCUS、专题研究CCUS减排量核算方法、完善CCUS政策支持体系、鼓励油气田企业发挥技术优势推进CCUS项目5个方面,推进CCUS技术成本下降,夯实商业化应用基础。

As one of the important CO_(2)-reducing measures,the CCUS(carbon capture,utilization and storage)technology has become an important integral part of the technology assembly for oil and gas fields to fulfill the objective of carbon neutrality.From the angle of flooded oil storage,China has about 100×10^(8)t of remaining oil in place suitable for CO_(2)flooding.The CO_(2)-EOR technology is important part of CCUS used by the oil and gas development enterprises.There are two main commercial operational patterns of the domestic CO_(2)-EOR projects–independent operational pattern and operator pattern.The cost of the whole CCUS process is 300-400 yuan per ton.Of the whole process,the carbon capturing link is the highest in the cost,accounting for more than 70 percent of the total.Calculating under a base 8 percent earning rate,the cost for flooded and stored oil by means of CCUS can be basically balanced when the crude oil price is US$70 per barrel.Large-scale application of CCUS technology faces three main challenges of CO_(2)utilization,high cost and high investment.Taking into account the current conditions of oil and gas fields,it is necessary to accelerate reduction of the CCUS technological cost and lay a solid foundation for commercial application in the following five areas–the full research process of CCUS technology,promotion of CCUS on the basis of carbon prizing,special study of the verification method for CCUS-based reduction of emission,perfection of the CCUS policy support system,and encouragement of oil and gas fields into accelerating the CCUS projects by means of their technological advantages.