摘要
为了践行2022年北京冬奥会绿色办奥的理念,减少场馆运行能耗和碳排放,对雪车雪橇赛道制冷系统节能特性的研究非常重要.采用理论分析与实验相结合的方法,对赛道的直接蒸发式氨制冷系统节能运行开展了研究.首先建立了北京冬奥会雪车雪橇赛道的负荷计算模型,实验验证了负荷计算模型的准确性;其次结合国家雪车雪橇中心的气象条件对赛道全年维持负荷的特点及变化规律进行了分析;最后对系统全年运行规律及节能方法进行了分析计算.研究结果表明,在标准工况下,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节赛道平均制冷负荷分别为233.2、481.4、211.3、64.4 W/m^(2),制冷系统全年的总制冷量为5.50×10^(4) GJ,总耗电量为4 786.08 MW·h;在冰层满足比赛要求的基础上,冰面温度每提升1℃,压缩机年耗电量减少176.61 MW·h,制冷系统节能3.6%;修整冰面工作在夜间进行,相比白天制冷功率降低38.8%,初次冻冰工况从9月份调整到10月份,制冷功率减少37.8%.因此,采用季节性运行模式、提高冰面温度、选取合适的冻冰和修冰时间可减少制冷系统的制冷量,实现系统运行的节能.研究结果为雪车雪橇赛道制冰系统的节能设计与优化运行提供了理论基础.
To practice the concept of green hosting the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of venues, it is necessary to study the energy-saving characteristics of the refrigeration system of bobsleigh/skeleton track. In this paper, the energy-saving operation of the direct evaporative ammonia refrigeration system was studied by combining theoretical analysis with experiments. First, the load calculation model of bobsleigh/skeleton track in Beijing Winter Olympic Games was established, and the accuracy of the load calculation model was verified by experiments. Second, combined with the meteorological conditions of the national bobsleigh/skeleton center, the characteristics and variation law of the annual maintenance load of the track were analyzed. Finally, the annual operation law and energy saving method of the system were analyzed and calculated. Results show that the average refrigerating load of the track in spring, summer, autumn, and winter is 233.2, 481.4, 211.3, and 64.4 W/m^(2), respectively. The total refrigerating capacity of the refrigeration system whole year is 5.50×10^(4) GJ, and the total power consumption under the design condition is 4 786.08 MW·h. On the basis that the ice layer meets the requirements of the competition, the annual power consumption of the compressor will be reduced by 176.61 MW·h and the energy saving of the refrigeration system will be 3.6% when the ice surface temperature is increased by 1 ℃. When the ice dressing work is carried out at night, the cooling power is reduced by 38.8% compared with that in the daytime. When the initial freezing condition is adjusted from September to October, the refrigerating power is reduced by 37.8%. Therefore, adopting seasonal operation mode, increasing ice surface temperature, and selecting appropriate freezing and ice dressing work time can reduce the cooling capacity of the refrigeration system and accomplish energy saving of the system operation. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the energy-saving design and optimal operation of the ice making system of bobsleigh/skeleton track.
作者
全贞花
刘新
孙育英
许树学
翟彦宁
刘子初
QUAN Zhenhua;LIU Xin;SUN Yuying;XU Shuxue;ZHAI Yanning;LIU Zichu(Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Building Environment and Energy Conservation Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)
出处
《北京工业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期979-988,共10页
Journal of Beijing University of Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFF0300202)。
关键词
雪车雪橇赛道
负荷特性
计算模型
系统节能
制冷机组运行特性
制冰
bobsleigh/skeleton track
load characteristic
computational model
system energy saving
operating characteristics of refrigeration unit
ice making