Risk stratification of primary liver cancer

The risk stratification of primary liver cancer(PLC)discussed in a review of viral hepatitis and PLC could lead to misunderstandings by readers.For example,a single study or a small number of studies cannot comprehensively summarize the risk factors of PLC,is not included in the family history of liver cancer,and chronic hepatitis D is listed as a medium risk factor for the development of PLC.Currently,PLC prediction models with good clinical validation values have been applied clinically,such as the Toronto hepatocellular carcinoma risk index,REACH-B model,and PAGE-B model.Therefore,the Chinese,together with several research societies,have formulated the“Guideline for stratified screening and surveillance of primary liver cancer(2020 edition).”This guideline outlines PLC screening in at-risk populations,both in hospitals and communities.It is recommended to stratify the at-risk population into four risk levels:low-,intermediate-,high-,and extremely high-risk.This is highly recommended and applied in clinical practice.