发达国家科学传播政策分析以及对我国的启示

Analysis of Science Communication Policies in Developed Countries and Its Enlightenment to China

科学传播政策指导着科学传播活动的组织、开展、监督、评价等各个方面,保证了科学传播的效果。借鉴发达国家科学传播政策制定和实施的经验,有助于完善我国科学传播政策体系。以美国、英国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚、加拿大等部分发达国家为对象,采用文献调研法和网络调研法收集整理相关资料,从科学传播政策的制定理念、制定过程、倡导内容、实施机制以及效果评价等方面进行研究分析,进而提出我国科普政策的制定与实施应符合本国阶段性目标要求,从“公众理解科学”转向“公众参与科学”,创新科普内容和形式,系统化建设科普能力,监督科普政策的执行和效果评估等建议。

Science communication policy guides the organization,development,supervision,and evaluation of science communication activities,and ensures the effect of science communication. Learning from the policy formulation and implementation experience of science communication in developed countries is helpful in improving the policy system of science communication in China. Taking some developed countries such as the United States,the United Kingdom,Japan,South Korea,Australia and Canada as objects,this paper collected and sorted out relevant materials by literature research and network research methods,then analyzed the formulation concept,formulation process,advocacy content,implementation mechanism and effect evaluation of science communication policy. The formulation and implementation of science popularization policy in China should meet the requirements of national stage goals,shift from“public understanding of science”to“public engagement of science”,innovate the content and form of science popularization,systematically build the capacity of science popularization,and supervise the implementation and effect evaluation of science popularization policy.