新辅助化疗期间乳腺癌患者心理体验的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on Psychological Experience of Breast Cancer Patients during Neoadjuvant Che⁃motherapy

目的深入了解乳腺癌患者行新辅助化疗期间的心理体验,以期为临床护士制订有针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用立意抽样法,于2020年11月至2021年1月选取在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院行新辅助化疗的女性乳腺癌患者14例为研究对象。采用胡塞尔的描述性现象学方法收集资料,采用Colaizzi资料分析法进行资料分析。结果通过访谈资料的反复比较、归纳,乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗期间的心理体验提炼出4个主题:应对方式不良、信息支持缺乏、幸福感下降、感知压力负担。结论乳腺癌患者在新辅助化疗期间对疾病和治疗有强烈不确定感,医护人员需了解其内心需求,因人制宜地为患者提供相应的医疗信息与情感等方面的支持,从而提高患者对疾病的认知和应对的能力。

Objective To explore the psychological experience of breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy,providing a reference for clinical nurses to formulate targeted intervention measures.Methods A total of 14 female patients with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2020 to January 2021 were selected by purposive sampling.Their data was collected using Husserl's descriptive phenomenological approach and analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis.Results Through repeated comparison and summarization of interview data,4 themes were extracted from the psychological experience of the breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy:poor coping style,lack of information support,decreased well-being,and perceived stress and burden.Conclusion Breast cancer patients have a strong sense of uncertainty about their disease and treatment during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Medical workers need to understand their psychological needs and provide individualized medical information and emotional support,so as to improve their cognition of the disease and their ability to cope with it.