综合需求在消化道癌症患者自我效能感和生活质量间的中介效应

Mediating Effect of Comprehensive Needs on Correlation between Self-efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients with Digestive Tract Cancer

目的分析消化道癌症患者综合需求、自我效能感和生活质量三者之间的相关性及作用机制。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2020年11月至2021年8月在新疆石河子市两所三级甲等医院住院治疗的消化道癌症患者400例为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、癌症患者综合需求评估量表、一般自我效能感量表、癌症患者生命质量测定量表对其进行调查。结果消化道癌症患者一般自我效能感量表总分为(23.10±6.63)分,癌症患者综合需求量表总分为(68.81±30.79)分,癌症患者生命质量测定量表总分为(68.13±17.14)分。消化道癌症患者自我效能感与综合需求呈负相关(r=−0.383,P<0.05),与癌症患者生活质量呈正相关(r=0.552,P<0.05),综合需求与生活质量呈负相关(r=−0.494,P<0.05)。消化道癌症患者综合需求在自我效能感和生活质量间存在部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的23%。结论消化道癌症患者综合需求和生活质量得分处于较高水平,自我效能感处于中等水平,综合需求在自我效能感和生活质量间存在部分中介效应。医护人员可以通过改善消化道癌症患者的自我效能感和综合需求水平,进而来提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To analyze the correlation and mechanism among comprehensive needs,self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with digestive tract cancer.Methods A total of 400 patients with digestive tract cancer who were hospitalized in two Grade 3A hospitals in Shihezi City,Xinjiang,from November 2020 to August 2021 were selected by convenience sampling.They were investigated by using the General Information Questionnaire,Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool(CNAT),General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES)and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General(FACT-G).Results For these patients with digestive tract cancer,the total score of GSES was(23.10±6.63)points,the total score of CNAT was(68.81±30.79)points,and the total score of FACT-G was(68.13±17.14)points.In these patients with digestive tract cancer,GSES score was negatively correlated with CNAT score(r=-0.383,P<0.05)while positively correlated with FACT-G score(r=0.552,P<0.05),and CNAT score was negatively correlated with FACT-G score(r=-0.494,P<0.05);there was a partial mediating effect of comprehensive needs on the correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with digestive tract cancer,with mediating effect accounting for 23%of the total effect.Conclusion Patients with digestive tract cancer have high comprehensive needs and QoL levels,and a moderate self-efficacy level.There is a partial mediating effect of comprehensive needs on the correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with digestive tract cancer.Medical staff can improve the quality of life of patients with digestive tract cancer by improving their self-efficacy and comprehensive needs.