山东威海地区发热伴血小板减少综合征流行病学特征及新型布尼亚病毒感染的影响因素

Epidemiological characteristics of severe Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and influencing factors of Bunyavirus infection in Weihai,Shandong Province

目的了解山东省威海地区发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)流行病学特征及布尼亚病毒感染的影响因素分析,为SFTS的防治提供理论依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中选取2016年3月到2021年3月山东省威海地区SFTS患者143例,另选取同期山东省威海地区正常体检人群215例作为对照组,抽取所有研究对象空腹肘静脉血5mL,采用达安生物发热伴血小板减少新型布尼亚病毒PCR试剂盒检测;所有研究对象均采用统一的调查问卷表进行调查,由经过培训的调查员进行询问,内容包括年龄、性别、养宠物、家禽养殖、病前1月被蜱叮咬、从事田间作业、生活区周围有蜱、住宅周围及工作区有杂草灌木等情况,采用logistic回归分析SFTS患者新布尼亚病毒感染的独立危险因素。结果143例SFTS患者主要分布在荣成市(33.57%)和乳山市(28.67%),发病主要集中在春季(45.45%),职业分布以农民(89.51%)为主;358例SFTS患者中,所有的病例新布尼亚病毒PCR检测均为阳性;单因素分析两组暴露于养宠物、家禽养殖、病前1月被蜱叮咬、生活区周围有蜱、从事田间作业、工作区及住宅周围有杂草灌木间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析结果显示家禽养殖、从事田间作业、生活区周围有蜱是山东省威海地区SFTS患者新布尼亚病毒感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论山东省威海地区SFTS患者以荣成市居多,主要集中于夏季和秋季,为有效防控新布尼亚病毒感染致SFTS的发生,应做好疾病监测工作,在从事田间作业做好防护措施,减少家禽养殖,对生活区周围喷药消灭蜱虫,重点加强居民职业防护意识。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)in Weihai,Shandong province and analyze the influencing factors of Bunyavirus infection,and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of SFTS.Methods A total of 143 PATIENTS with SFTS in Weihai area of Shandong Province from March 2016 to March 2021 were selected from The China Disease Control and Prevention Information System,and another 215 healthy people in Weihai area of Shandong province during the same period were selected as the control group.5ml of fasting elbow venous blood was collected from all subjects.Our hospital used daan biological fever with thrombocytopenia new Bunia virus PCR kit detection;All subjects were investigated by unified questionnaire and questioned by trained investigators,including age,sex,pet keeping,poultry breeding,bitten by ticks one month before the disease,engaged in field work,had ticks around their living areas,and had weeds and shrubs around their homes and working areas.Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of new Bunia virus infection in SFTS patients.Results A total of 143 cases of SFTS were mainly distributed in Rongcheng city(33.57%)and Rushan City(28.67%).The incidence of SFTS mainly occurred in spring(45.45%),and the occupational distribution was mainly farmers(89.51%).All 358 SFTS patients were positive for new Bunia virus by PCR.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in exposure to pet raising,poultry farming,tick bite 1 month before the disease,ticks around the living area,working in the field,working area and weeds and shrubs around the house(P<0.05).logistic regression analysis showed that poultry farming,field operation and ticks around living quarters were independent risk factors for SFTS infection in Weihai,Shandong province(P<0.05).Conclusions SFTS patients in the majority with flourish in shandong weihai region,mainly concentrated in summer and autumn,for the effective prevention and control of new cloth to SFTS virus infection occurs,should do a good job in disease surveillance in the field operation completes the protection measures,reduce the poultry production,spraying kill ticks around the living area,focus on strengthening the residents′awareness of occupational protection.