2013—2020年宜昌市食源性疾病病原体监测结果分析

Pathogen surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Yichang in 2013-2020

目的分析2013—2020年宜昌市食源性疾病病原体检测情况及流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过“食源性疾病监测报告系统”收集整理网络直报数据,采集病例标本进行实验室检测,运用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果采集生物样本3932份,检出病原微生物阳性率为12.05%(474/3932),其中沙门氏菌8.65%(340/474)、诺如病毒2.47%(97/474)检出率最高;冬季以病毒感染为主,夏季以细菌感染为主;检出率最高的年龄组为4~17岁16.25%(234/1440)(χ2=41.363,P<0.05);沙门氏菌、诺如病毒、致泻大肠埃希氏菌均在散居儿童中检出率最高;进食场所以家庭为主,占比74.89%(355/474);可疑暴露食品占比最高的依次为水果类及其制品(15.82%)、乳与乳制品(15.40%)、粮食类及其制品(11.60%)。结论宜昌市食源性疾病夏秋季以沙门氏菌为主的细菌感染最多,冬春季以诺如病毒感染为主,水果类及其制品、乳与乳制品、粮食类及其制品为主要污染食品,应加强宣教监管,提醒市民注意卫生习惯、重视疾病防控。

Objective To analyze the detection and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease pathogens in Yichang City from 2013 to 2020,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies.Methods The data were collected from the Foodborne Disease Surveillance and Reporting System.Case specimens were collected for laboratory testing.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 3932 biological samples were collected,and the positive rate of pathogenic microorganisms was 12.05%(474/3932).Among them,the detection rates of Salmonella and norovirus were the highest,accounting for 8.65%(340/474)and 2.47%(97/474),respectively.Virus infection was mainly in winter and bacterial infection was mainly in summer.The age group with the highest detection rate of 16.25%(234/1440)was 4 to 17 years old(χ2=41.363,P<0.05).Salmonella,norovirus,and Escherichia coli all had the highest detection rate in scattered children.Eating places were mainly family,accounting for 74.89%(355/474).The highest proportion of suspected exposure food was fruit and its products(15.82%),milk and dairy products(15.40%),and grain and its products(11.60%).Conclusion In summer and autumn,Salmonella was the main bacterial infection and norovirus was the main bacterial infection in winter and spring in Yichang.Fruits and fruit products,milk and dairy products,grain and grain products are the main contaminated food.The publicity and supervision of foodborne diseases should be strengthened,and the public should be reminded to pay attention to hygiene habits and disease prevention and control.