一项病例对照研究分析非吸烟女性肺癌患者的危险因素

A case-control study on the risk factors of lung cancer in non-smoking women

目的通过病例对照研究分析非吸烟女性肺癌患者危险因素,为非吸烟女性预防肺癌提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方式随机抽取2019年1月至2020年6月盘锦辽油宝石花医院428例非吸烟女性肺癌患者为调查对象,选取同期来我院体检的非吸烟健康女性120例,收集两组患者年龄、文化程度、年收入、职业史、家族肿瘤史、被动吸烟情况、食用腌晒食物等临床资料,采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析非吸烟女性肺癌的影响因素。结果两组患者年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况等一般资料具有临床可比性(P>0.05)。观察组非吸烟女性肺癌患者平均年龄为(64.80±6.85)岁,病理类型主要为腺癌343例(80.14%)、鳞癌47例(10.98%);肺癌分期IIIB和IV期占251例(58.64%);家庭被动吸烟、室内烹调烟雾、职业史、工作场所通风情况、饮茶、新鲜水果摄入、新鲜蔬菜摄入、心理压力两两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示家庭被动吸烟、室内烹调烟雾重、工作场所通风情况不好是非吸烟女性发生肺癌的独立危险因素(P<0.05);饮茶、经常锻炼、新鲜蔬菜摄入是是非吸烟女性肺癌的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论庭被动吸烟、室内烹调烟雾重、工作场所通风情况不好、食用腌晒食品、心理压力大可增加非吸烟女性肺癌患病风险,应针对以上危险因素采取综合干预措施,可降低非吸烟女性肺癌的发生。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of non-smoking women with lung cancer through a case-control study,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of lung cancer in non-smoking women.Methods A total of 428 non-smoking female patients with lung cancer admitted in Liaoyou Baoshihua Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling as the observation group,and 120 non-smoking healthy women receiving physical examination in the same hospital in the same period were selected as the control group.The clinical data of the two groups,including age,educational level,annual income,occupational history,family tumor history,passive smoking,and eating pickled and dried food were collected.Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of lung cancer in non-smoking women.Results The general data such as age,education level and marital status were clinically comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).In the observation group,the average age of non-smoking female lung cancer patients was 64.80±6.85 years old,and the pathological types were mainly adenocarcinoma(343 cases)and squamous carcinoma(47 cases).Stage IIIB and IV lung cancers accounted for 251 cases(58.64%).There were significant differences between the two groups in family passive smoking,indoor cooking smoke,occupational history,workplace ventilation,tea drinking,fresh fruit intake,fresh vegetable intake and psychological pressure(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that passive smoking at home,heavy smoke from indoor cooking,poor ventilation in workplace and high psychological stress were independent risk factors for lung cancer in non-smoking women(P<0.05).Tea drinking,regular exercise and fresh vegetable intake were the protective factors for lung cancer in non-smoking women(P<0.05).Conclusion Passive smoking in the courtyard,heavy smoke from indoor cooking,poor ventilation in the workplace,eating salted food and high psychological stress can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women.Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to address the above risk factors to reduce the incidence of lung cancer in non-smoking women.