职住分离、时间挤出与企业生产效率

Home-Work Separation,Time Squeeze and Enterprises’Production Efficiency

本文利用2015年全国1%人口抽样调查数据考察了通勤时间对企业生产效率的影响,研究发现:第一,通勤时间增加1分钟将导致企业TFP显著下降0.47%~0.59%。第二,以私家车或公共汽车为主要交通方式的通勤时间增加对企业TFP的负向影响更显著。第三,生产人员通勤时间的增加对企业TFP的影响最大,管理人员其次。第四,国有企业和知识密集型行业的TFP受通勤时间影响更大。最后,通勤时间挤出了员工的工作时间和闲暇时间,降低了员工的工作满意度。

Using the data of 2015 China Population Survey,we try to study the impact of commuting time on enterprises’production efficiency.Our study reveals that:first,one minute increase in commuting time will cause enterprises’TFP to significantly decrease by 0.47%~0.59%.Second,the increase of commuting time with private car or bus as the main mode of transportation has a more significant negative impact on TFP.Third,the increase of commuting time of producers has the greatest effect on TFP,followed by managers.Fourth,the TFP of state-owned enterprises and knowledge intensive industries is affected more by commuting time.Finally,we verify the squeezing effect of commuting time on employees’working and leisure time.