出生地对个体工资的影响:代际流动性与空间固化

The Impact of Birthplace on Wages:Intergenerational Mobility and Spatial Rigidity

代际传递和空间差异共同影响社会不同阶层的晋升渠道,这对经济发展乃至中国梦的实现至关重要。本文研究发现个体出生环境对未来收入的影响由家庭代际传递能力和本地人力资本外部性共同决定。(1)城市人力资本水平和家庭代际传递对个体工资存在长期影响;(2)人口在城市间的流动会弱化出生地城市对个体工资的固化作用。利用相关外生冲击,如计划生育政策、《中华人民共和国义务教育法》和三线建设等准自然实验,发现个人收入的空间固化特征并未被显著削弱。政府应提升地区间教育资源均等化水平,推动人力资本在城市间的流动。

Intergenerational mobility and spatial disparity are fundamentally affecting social stratification and promotion,in which are key aspects in realizing Chinese Dream.This paper finds that the influence of the individual’s birthplace on her future is determined by the family’s intergenerational transmission and local human capital externalities.(1)The urban human capital and the households’intergenerational transmission have long-term effects on individual wages;(2)The flow of population between cities will weaken the solidification effect of the birthplace on individual wages.Using related exogenous shocks,such as the Family Planning Policy,the Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Third-line Construction,the solidification of space has not been significantly weakened.The government should improve the equalization of educational resources between regions and promote the flow of human capital between cities.