殷墟卜辞所记“■示”即“鲧示”新探

An Innovative Probe in That■Rite is the Gun Rita in Yin Ruins Inscriptions

夏部族祖先鲧以治理洪水、造福于民而著称于世,故文献多记鲧曾被夏、商、周“三代祀之”。夏代文字迄今尚未发现,但夏人祭祀自己祖先鲧殆无疑问。殷墟卜辞是我国迄今所发现的最早的成体系的文字,本文认为卜辞所记“■示”应释为“鲧示”,是商人祭“鲧”的真实记录,故后世文献所记夏鲧曾被“三代祀之”应是符合实际的。

Gun,the ancestor of the Xia tribe,is famous in the world for controlling floods and benefiting the people.Therefore,there are many records that Gun was enshrined in three dynasties:Xia,Shang and Zhou.Though the writings of the Xia Dynasty have not yet been discovered,there is no doubt that the Xia people offered sacrifices to their ancestors,Gun Kui.The inscriptions of Yin Ruins are the earliest systematic texts found in China so far.This article believes that the■Rita recorded in the inscriptions should be interpreted as“Gun Rita”,which is the true record that the Shang people offered sacrifices to Gun.Therefore,the record of worship of Gun by three dynasties in later literatures should be in line with reality.