杜诗注释学中的形式批评理论及其意义

On Formal Criticism Theory and Its Significance in Annotation on Du Fu’s Poems

详察整个杜诗注释学史,可以发现针对杜甫诗歌文本中的歧异、阙疑乃至讹误、作伪、剽掠等复杂问题,在训诂学、修辞学和声律学等理论视野下,建基于文本细读上的形式批评理论正是内含于其中的诠释基点。从对字法、对法、句法、章法、体式等诗歌语言与形式的体认出发,以勘定诗歌文本细节和确证诗歌体式为旨归的诠释视野,构成了古代诗文注释学中隐在的形式批评理论传统。与以意义分析和语言审美为核心的文学评点传统相比,在以训释语辞和考订史鉴为重心的古代诗文注释学传统中,形式批评理论更多的是一种隐在的呈现,起到形而上的构建作用。

A detailed examination of the entire history of annotation on Du Fu’s poems shows that the theory of form criticism, which is based on a close reading of the text,is the interpretive base for the complex problems of ambiguity,doubt,error,forgery,and plagiarism in Du Fu’s poetic texts under the theoretical perspectives of exegesis,rhetoric,and phonetics. From the recognition of poetic language and form, such as diction,couplet, syntax, composition, and style, the interpretive vision that aims to investigate the details of the poetic text and confirm the poetic style constitutes the implicit form-critical theoretical tradition in ancient poetic annotation. Compared with the literary commentary tradition,which focused on meaning analysis and linguistic aesthetics,in the ancient poetic annotation tradition,which focused on the interpretation of diction and the examination of history,formalism is more of an implicit presentation and metaphysical construction.