汉代碑铭诔文视域下的《诗经》孝行诗

On the Poems of Filial Piety in the Book of Songs from the Perspective of Inscriptions and Eulogies of the Han Dynasty

文章从汉代碑铭诔文引《诗经》孝行诗入手,重点探寻碑铭诔文以《诗经》孝行诗为载体所体现出的孝道思想,并借此展现《诗经》孝行诗对汉代孝道教化和传播的意义。碑铭诔文常引《六月》中的“孝友”、《小宛》《宾之初筵》《那》中的“温恭”、《周颂·雍》中的“文母”等词,以褒扬祖先慈孝之德,同时也客观上通过不断举行的祭祀之礼起到了教化子孙的作用。而《凯风》《蓼莪》作为《诗经》中表达孝亲情感最为真挚和热烈的诗,常被碑铭诔文引之以述丧亲之哀情,引用时或两者并举以表达对长辈养育之恩的铭记和深切悼念,或分别引之以赞孝子之感念父母行为。此外,引《诗经》孝行诗言祭祖之孝以承祖德祈福佑,是对《诗经》祭祖诗中德孝意识与收族功用的继承,这是汉代最为崇尚的孝道价值,其以不可磨灭的碑铭文形式反映出来,影响更为深远。

This article starts with the filial piety poems in the Book of Songs quoted in the inscriptions and eulogies in the Han Dynasty, and focuses on exploring the filial piety thought embodied to show the significance of the poems on the education and dissemination of filial piety in the Han Dynasty. The inscriptions and eulogies often cite such words as“filial piety”in“June”,“gentle”in“Xiao Wan”,“the First Banquet”and“Na”,and“Wenmu”in“Zhou-Dynasty Sacrificial Songs · Yong”to praise the ancestors’ virtue of kindness and filial piety, and objectively played a role in educating the descendants through the continuous sacrificial ceremony. As the most sincere and enthusiastic poems expressing filial piety in the Book of Songs,“Kaifeng”and“Li’e” are the most often quoted by inscriptions to express the sorrow of bereavement, either in conjunction with each other to express remembrance and deep mourning for the kindness of the elders,or separately to praise the filial son’s act of remembering his parents. In addition, citing the filial piety poems of the Book of Songs to express the filial piety of ancestral sacrifice in order to inherit the ancestral virtue and pray for blessing is an inheritance of the sense of virtue and filial piety,which is the most respected value of filial piety in the Han Dynasty,and its influence is even more profound when reflected in the form of indelible inscriptions.