明无梁殿建筑形制特征初探——以峰峰玉皇阁为例

A Preliminary Study on the Architectural Features of the No-Liang Hall in Ming Dynasty—Taking Fengfeng Yuhuang Pavilion as an example

砖在明代建筑上开始大量使用,出现了不施木构梁架纯粹用砖砌筑的建筑,俗称为无梁殿。本文以明代无梁殿——峰峰玉皇阁为例,探讨明代无梁殿叠涩做法和形制特征。明代的砖砌无梁殿根据内部空间结构分为拱券型和叠涩型,峰峰玉皇阁为叠涩构造,是北方地区少见的此种形式的实例,其形式和构造特征体现了当时北方中原地区叠涩建筑的营造特点。通过实地调研和测绘以及查阅历史文献资料,利用数字技术对该建筑的结构、构造、形式及比例等方面进行分析,总结其建筑形制特征。期望为研究明代北方无梁殿建筑形制特征提供理论依据,同时,为现代建筑对传统建筑的形式延续提供思路。

Bricks began to be widely used in buildings in the Ming Dynasty,and there appeared buildings built purely with bricks without wooden beams,commonly known as beamless halls.This article takes the Ming Dynasty Wu Liang Hall-Fengfeng Yuhuang Pavilion as an example to discuss the method and shape characteristics of the Ming Dynasty Wu Liang Hall.The brick-built beamless halls of the Ming Dynasty were divided into archtype and stacked-type according to the internal space structure.Fengfeng Jade Emperor Pavilion was of stacked structure,which was a rare example of this type in the northern region.Its form and structural characteristics reflected the northern region at that time.The construction characteristics of stacked buildings in the Central Plains.Through on-the-spot investigation,surveying and mapping,and consulting historical documents,digital technology is used to analyze the structure,construction,form and proportion of the building,and its architectural features are summarized.It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the architectural characteristics of the northern no-beam hall in the Ming Dynasty,and at the same time,to provide ideas for the continuation of the form of modern architecture to traditional architecture.