俄罗斯太空战略的变化(2012-2021)

Evolutions of Russia’s Space Strategy(2012-2021)

2012年以来俄罗斯进一步肯定并落实了军民协调发展的战略目标,并从国际竞争与国际合作两个维度维持和提升国家太空实力与国际地位。在国际竞争方面,俄罗斯以维护国家安全为核心目标,以反太空能力为突破口,以太空能力全面提升为助力对美国形成非对称威慑,同时以技术垄断和弥补商业太空短板为手段维持其之于其他地区大国的相对优势。在国际合作方面,俄罗斯在维持对外发射服务、军售及联合研发等合作模式的基础上,强化与西方国家在前沿太空技术领域的合作,同时加强与其他地区大国在太空外交、太空秩序塑造等方面的互动合作。俄罗斯太空战略的变化一方面加剧了太空领域的国际博弈,但同时俄罗斯与其他国家间的合作也有助于促进国际太空格局的多极化和太空秩序的公平与正义。

Russia has made adjustment to its space strategy since 2012.The adjustment aims at improving strategic thinking and overcoming challenges.On the aspect of strategic thinking,Russia pays attention to the ability of technology innovation to ensure its space activ⁃ities,makes efforts to transform space activities into value-added practices.On the aspect of overcoming challenges,facing the pressure form the US,Russia puts emphasis on national security,contains opponents with asymmetrical advantage,keeps sustainable competitiveness by comprehensively improving its space power.Facing the challenge form emerging powers,Russia takes national development into account,emphasizes comprehensive development of military,civilian and commercial uses,improves relationship with other countries by devel⁃oping international cooperation.The adjustment helps Russia maintaining the status as a space power.Therefore,it has an impact not only on the international competition in space but also the future space power order and space governance.