范文同照会的合法性--对黎蜗藤的批评和反驳

Legalityof Pham Van Dong’s Note--A Critical Study on LI Woteng’s Inferences

黎蜗藤把北纬17度线当作越南南北两个国家的边界线,因南沙和西沙群岛不在北越的控制范围,就推论1958年越南民主共和国总理范文同照会是一个无关紧要的、第三方的态度;并据此进一步推论,越南临时革命政府和南越南共和国可以继承越南共和国的立场,并将这种立场带入新成立的越南社会主义共和国,重新主张越南对西沙和南沙群岛的主权。黎蜗藤的这两个推论既曲解了当时相关的国际协定,混淆了国家和政权的差异,扭曲了当时越南几个政权发展的历史事实和他们之间的相互关系,也显示了他对相关国际法理论的误解。基于对国际协定的正确理解、越南几个政权之间相互关系的历史事实以及国际法院阐述的理论和原则,符合逻辑的结论应该是:1958年越南民主共和国总理范文同照会是声称代表整个越南的政权作出的一个政府声明;1958年范文同照会对中国南海岛屿主权的承认与1973年之前越南南方共和临时革命政府对中国南海岛屿主权的默认,使得中国拥有南海岛屿主权的这一关系事实牢固确立。即使1976年南越南共和国与越南民主共和国合并成立的越南社会主义共和国是一个新国家,它也没有选择立场的自由。

LI Woteng regarded the 17th parallel north as the boundary between the thenNorth Vietnam and South Vietnam. Since the Nansha and Xisha Islands were not under the control of North Vietnam,he deduced that the 1958 note delivered by the then Prime Minister Pham Van Dong of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was an irrelevant and third-party attitude.Accordingly,he further inferred that the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam and the Republic of South Vietnam could inherit the position of the Republic of Viet Nam and brought this position to the newly established Socialist Republic of Vietnam,and hence reclaimed Vietnam’s sovereignty over the Xisha and NanshaIslands. The above inferences did not only distort the relevant international agreements,but also confused the differences between country and regime,and distorted the historical facts of the development of several regimes in Vietnam at that time. Moreover,itshowed his misunderstanding of the related international law. Based on a correct understanding of international agreements,the historical facts of the interrelationship between the several regimes in Vietnam at that time,and the international jurisprudence,the logical conclusion should be that the 1958 note issued by Pham Van Dong was a national position taken on behalf of Viet Nam as a whole and not an insignificant third-party attitude. This note acknowledged China ’ s sovereignty over the South China Seaislands. Even if the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam,created by the merger of the Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1976,became a new country,it would no longer have the freedom to change this position.