无铬生态皮革制造技术及无铬鞣剂研究进展

Research Progress on Chromium-free Ecological Leather Manufacturing and Chromium-free Tanning Agents

铬鞣赋予皮革优异的热稳定性、舒适的手感和优异的成革性能,目前在制革工业中占据绝对主导地位。然而,铬鞣法产生的含铬废水、含铬固体废弃物、含铬废弃皮革制品等可导致生态环境污染,严重制约了皮革工业的持续健康发展。实施无铬生态皮革制造技术,已成为国家的重大需求,更是皮革工业可持续发展的必然趋势,我国将无铬生态皮革制造技术列为《中国制造2025》的关键技术。研究绿色环境友好型的无铬鞣剂以代替目前的铬鞣法,减少皮革工业的环境污染问题,是保证制革工业持续发展迫切需要解决的关键科技问题,无铬鞣剂及其鞣制技术成为皮革清洁化生产技术领域的研究焦点和重点领域。本文从无机鞣剂、有机鞣剂及相应的结合鞣剂三方面阐述各类无铬鞣剂的研究进展,总结各类无铬鞣剂的鞣制机理及应用研究,并提出了一种新型无铬鞣剂的思路,以达到减少制革工业的环境污染,推动无铬生态皮革制造技术的发展与进步。

Chrome tanning provides leather products with excellent thermal stability,comfortable hand feeling and outstanding leather performance,which holds the dominant position in the leather industry.However,chromium effluents,solid wastes and leather product wastes generated by chrome tanning lead to eco-environmental pollution,and have seriously restricted the sustainable and healthy development of leather industry.The implementation of chromium-free ecological leather manufacturing has become the main demand of the country,and it is also an inevitable trend in the sustainable development of the leather industry.Chromium-free ecological leather manufacturing was listed as the key technology in"Made in China 2025".It is urgent to study environmentally friendly chromium-free tanning agents that replace common chrome tanning agents and reduce the environmental pollution of the leather industry.Chromium-free tanning agents and their tanning technology have become the focus and emphasis of leather cleaner production.In this paper,the progress of different chromium-free tanning agents was elaborated from three aspects:inorganic tanning agents,organic tanning agents and combined tanning agents,and their tanning mechanisms and applications were summarized.At last,a novel chromium-free tanning agent was proposed,which shows potential application to reduce the environmental pollution of the leather industry and promote the development and progress of chromium-free ecological leather manufacturing.