南京滨水风景发展历史研究

Study on the Development History of Nanjing Waterfront Landscape

城市滨水风景作为山水风景体系中一种不断演进、始终活着的文化形态,亟需对其历史形态进行识别、了解和管理。南京作为滨水风景发展集大成者之一,其历史智慧值得学习。但现有文献缺乏对其开发历史和发展规律深入探究。针对以上不足,以金陵组景视角下的滨水风景变迁为出发点,结合历史地图转译,总结从先秦至明清的滨水风景演进脉络和开发序列,探究其历史规律和驱动要素,得出以下三个结论:(1)南京滨水风景开发受到自然变迁、城市建设、社会发展、功能变更和文化风尚的综合影响,并最终形成以秦淮河为代表的线性风景体系;(2)城市内部水景格局整体呈现南多北少、河多湖少的状况,这与城市扩张和官方政策密切相关;(3)城市内河水系中开发的人文景点居多,这与三国时期开始沿秦淮河进行的建设以及文化风尚的变化密切相关。对补充南京风景史和认知中国风景发展规律性有一定意义,并为后续风景遗产保护奠定基础。

As an evolving and living cultural form within the landscape system,the urban waterfront landscape is in urgent need of identification,understanding and management of its historical form.As one of the great leaders in the development of waterfront landscapes,Nanjing deserves to learn from historical wisdom.However,the existing studies lack an in-depth exploration of its development history and patterns.This study takes the perspective of the senses of Jinling,combines it with the translation of historical maps,summarizes the evolutionary lineage and development sequence of waterfront landscapes from the pre-Qin dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties,explores its historical patterns and elements,and draws the following three conclusions:Firstly,Nanjing’s waterfront landscape development was influenced by a combination of natural changes,urban construction,social development,functional changes,and cultural customs,and eventually formed a linear system represented by the Qinhuai River;Secondly,the overall pattern features more construction in the south than in the north and more river attractions than lakes.This is closely related to the expansion of the city and official policies;Thirdly,the majority of humanistic attractions were developed in the city’s inner river system,which is closely related to the construction of the city along the Qinhuai River from the Three Kingdoms period and the changes in cultural customs.The above research is vital in complementing the history of Nanjing’s landscape and understanding the regularity of the development of China’s landscape,as well as laying the foundation for the subsequent conservation of landscape heritage.