红旗河马苏大麻哈鱼陆封型国家级水产种质资源保护区水生生物资源现状与分析

Status and Analysis of Aquatic Organism Resources in Landlocked Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Zone in Hongqi River

2018年7月调查和研究了红旗河马苏大麻哈鱼陆封型国家级水产种质资源保护区(东经128°29'11"~128°58'59",北纬42°03'46"~42°26'07")的水生生物资源状况及其群落结构特征。本次调查共鉴定出浮游植物6门15属39种及变种,总平均丰度为61.42×10^(4)ind./L,总平均生物量为0.6278 mg/L,硅藻门的种类数、平均丰度和生物量均最高;共鉴定出各门类浮游动物8属10种,总平均丰度为2.86 ind./L,总平均生物量为0.0157 mg/L,其中原生动物丰度最高,桡足类生物量最高;共采集到底栖动物10目28科61种,总平均丰度为67.71 ind./m^(2),总平均生物量为4.81 g/m^(2),水生昆虫的种类数、平均丰度和生物量均最高。采用挂网(网目3 cm)和地笼共采集到鱼类818尾,共计16844.3 g,隶属4目6科22种,其中鲤科鱼类资源量最大。结论:红旗河保护区水生生物群落结构展现北方河流的基本特征,浮游生物尤其是浮游动物种类和资源量均较少,浮游植物中硅藻占绝对优势;底栖动物则为水生昆虫占绝对优势,调查到的多为喜清洁且耐污性较差种类;保护区鱼类多为冷水性鱼类,小型鱼类种类占较大优势;红旗河保护区流域内水环境状况较好,受人为干扰较轻,仅下游底栖动物群落受影响较大。

The aquatic organism resources and community structure characteristics were surveyed in Landlocked Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Zone in Hongqi River(128°29'11"to 128°58'59"east longitude,42°03'46"north latitude 42°26'07")in July 2018.A total of 39 phytoplankton species(belonging to 15 genera in 6 phyla)were found,with the maximal species number and higher abundance and biomass of Bacillariophyta than the others.There were average total phytoplankton abundance of 61.42×10^(4)ind./L,and the average total phytoplankton biomass of 0.6278 mg/L.A total of 10 zooplankton species(belonging to 8 genera)were observed,total average abundance of 2.86 ind./L,and the total average biomass of 0.0157 mg/L,with higher abundance in protozoa and higher biomass in copepods than the others.A total of 61 species zoobenthos(belonging to 28 Family in 10 Order),were recorded,with the maximal species number and higher abundance and biomass of aquatic insects than the others,with average total zoobenthos abundance of 61.42×10^(4)ind./m^(2),and the average total zoobenthos biomass of 4.81 g/m^(2).A total of 22 fish species(belonging to 6 Family in 4 Order),818 samples weighing 16,844.3 g were collected,with the maximal stock in Cyprinidae than that in others.Aquatic organism communities were characterized by Chinese northern rivers in the conservation zone,with less species and resources of plankton,especially zooplankton,with dominant diatom in the phytoplankton,and dominant aquatic insects in the zoobenthos.Small-size fish species were the dominant species,and most were cold-water fish in the conservation zone where the water was relatively clean,and the low intensity of human disturbance.Only zoobenthos were more affected by human activity in the lower reaches.