梨新品种冀锦的选育

Breeding report of a new pear cultivar Jijin

冀锦是以日本优良品种金二十世纪为母本,甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所优系80-2-2(小冬果×锦丰杂交后代)为父本杂交选育成的梨新品种。果实卵圆形,平均单果质量300 g,果面绿黄色、阳面着红晕,果皮较薄,果肉白色,肉质细松脆,石细胞少,风味酸甜适口,果实可溶性固形物含量(w)13.0%。于河北省8月上中旬成熟,适应性强,丰产性好。树姿开张,树冠圆锥形,主干褐色,1年生枝黄褐色,一般每花序9~12朵花,萌芽率56.9%,成枝力中等。适应性、抗黑星病能力强,始果早,正常管理条件下,定植2~3a(年)即可结果。

Jijin is a new mid-ripening pear cultivar selected from the cross combination of Gold Nijisseiki × 80-2-2 in 2002 at Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Tree, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. After several years of observation, 06-3-1 demonstrating superior characteristics both in perfect appearance and high quality was initially selected as a superior individual in 2012. After regional adaptability testing at three sites of Hebei province(including Jinzhou, Shenzhou, and Weixian) from 2013 to2017, the main economic characters of 06-3-1 was stable, it was finally selected in 2017. The tree is vigorous with conical crown and open tree gesture. The germination rate of bud is medium, branching ability is medium. The tree trunk is brown in color, the annual branches are yellowish-brown in color. The size of lenticels is small and the density of lenticels is high. The leaf bud is small and adnate. The flower bud is reddish-brown in color with a conical silhouette. The leaves are ovate in shape with sharp tips and cuneate base. The leaf margin is sharply serrated. The corolla is white and anther is mauve. The number of per inflorescence is from nine to twelve. The fruit mainly bears on the short branches. The fruiting ability of the fruiting branch is strong. The fruit shape is oval. The fruit peel is smooth and covered by red cloud on a green background. The peel is thin. The average weight of single fruit is 300 g. The flesh is white, crispy, juicy and sour-sweet. The soluble solids content is 13.0% with little stone cell and residue.The fruit quality is fine and the yield is stable. The fruit development period is about 130 days and can be harvested in early to middle August in Shijiazhuang area. This cultivar can bear fruits in the second year after planting and has high yield in the fifth year. The Four-year old trees have high yield potential of 582.5 kg per 666.7 m2. The fruits of Jijin can be stored about 20 days in room temperature. The cultivar is suitable for three fan-shaped cracks and trees should be planted in a spacing of 3 m × 4-5 m.Huangguan, Zaoguanand, Zhongliyihaocan be used as pollinating trees for it because of the same blooming time. The resistance of the tree to scab is stronger and its environment adaptability is well.