秸秆覆盖及播量对旱地冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

Effects of Straw Mulching and Planting Density on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of Wheat

为探讨秸秆带状覆盖下种植密度对旱地冬小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响,以露地平作为对照,秸秆带状覆盖下分窄幅条播和宽幅条播2种种植模式,不同带幅下分别设播量处理3个(270 kg/hm~2、324 kg/hm~2、405 kg/hm~2),结果表明,秸秆带状覆盖处理均可显著增加0~200 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量,较露地增加36.2个百分点。秸秆带状覆盖下,不同带幅种植下贮水消耗量均随播量增加而增加。与露地种植相比,秸秆覆盖处理均降低冬小麦返青前耗水比例,增加拔节至成熟阶段的耗水量,更加有利于冬小麦灌浆阶段对水分高效利用。秸秆带状覆盖下,拔节至开花阶段耗水量随播量增加逐渐增大,开花至成熟阶段耗水量随播量增加逐渐减少。秸秆覆盖处理冬小麦的产量均高于CK,差异达到显著水平,增幅达24.4个百分点。秸秆覆盖下,窄幅、宽幅种植均以270 kg/hm~2播量处理最高,分别较其他播量处理增产2.9%~10.0%、23.5%~23.6%;窄幅较宽幅种植平均增产11.9%。秸秆覆盖窄幅、宽幅条播下,水分利用效率均以270 kg/hm~2播量处理最高,分别比其他播量处理高4.1%~12.0%、25.0%~26.4%;窄幅较宽幅种植平均增加12.8%。

In order to explore the effects of straw mulching and planting density on water consumption characteristics and yield of wheat in Longdong dryland plateau, flat-planting without film mulching in field was taken as control, there were two different patterns of wide drilling and narrow drilling under straw strip mulching, three treatments(270 kg/hm~2, 324 kg/hm~2, 405 kg/hm~2) were set up. The results showed that ccompared with CK, the straw mulching increased the water consumption amount by 36.2% at the 0~200 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, the straw,mulching increased winter wheat yield by 24.4%.Under straw mulching and treatment of 270 kg/hm~2, wide and narrow drilling increased winter wheat yield by 2.9%~10.0% and 23.5%~23.6%,respectively.The narrow drilling increased winter wheat yield by 11.9% compared with wide drilling. Under the straw mulching with wide and narrow drilling, treatment of 270 kg/hm~2 increased WUE by 4.1%~12.0% and 25.0%~26.4%.The narrow drilling increased WUE by 12.8% compared with wide drilling.