长江干线主要港口综合效率时空演化研究

Spatiotemporal evolution of resource allocation efficiency of main ports along the Yangtze River trunk line

运用三阶段DEA方法,剔除了环境变量和随机因素的影响,定量测算2010、2013、2016、2020年我国长江干线20个主要港口综合效率,明确各港口效率的时空演化特征。结果表明:1)环境变量和随机因素对港口效率具有显著影响。2)长江干线各主要港口效率差距较大。下游港口普遍效率较高,中上游港口效率偏低。3)规模效率低是导致综合效率未能达到DEA有效的主要因素。大部分港口存在资源、固定资产及资本等要素投入不足或结构不合理现象,未能有效发挥其规模效应。4)部分港口技术效率低下,其管理效能、信息化水平等需要加快提升,需要结合各港口发展实际,优化资源配置、提升港口效率。

This paper uses the three-stage DEA method to eliminate the influence of environmental variables and random factors,measures the efficiency of 20 major ports on the Yangtze River trunk line in 2010,2013,2016 and 2020,and clarifies the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of each port efficiency.The results show that:1)The environmental variables and random factors have a significant impact on port efficiency.2)The efficiency of the main ports of the Yangtze River trunk line is quite different.The downstream ports are generally more efficient,while the middle and upstream ports are less efficient.3)Low scale efficiency is the main factor that leads to the failure of comprehensive efficiency to achieve DEA effectiveness.Most of the ports have insufficient investment in resources,fixed assets and capital or have unreasonable structures,and have not been able to effectively exert their scale effects.4)Some ports have low technical efficiency,and management efficiency and information level need to be accelerated.It is necessary to optimize the resource allocation and improve the port efficiency according to the actual development of each port.