京剧“后三鼎甲”的参照关系与表演风格

The Correspondence and Performing Style of the “Later Three Top Actors” in Beijing Opera

老生演员孙菊仙、谭鑫培、汪桂芬在京剧史上合称“后三鼎甲”。这不只是就其在演出市场中的地位而言,更是就孙、谭、汪的演唱风格在审美上构成的共时艺术参照关系而言的。随着谭鑫培的表演风格在20世纪初成为京剧老生审美的主流,孙、汪之演唱风格相对地成为京剧老生审美的支流。艺术参照的消失,对于谭鑫培乃至京剧老生艺术在更广视野内的深入审美阐释而言不无遗憾。

In the history of Beijing Opera,the laosheng老生actors Sun Juxian,Tan Xinpei,and Wang Guifen are remembered as the"Later Three Top Actors"(hou san dingjia后三鼎甲).This honorary title does not simply point to their high position in the performance market,but also stands for the aesthetic value of their acting and singing styles in terms of their synchronic artistic correspondence.In the early 20^(th) century,as Tan’s acting style became the laosheng aesthetic standard in Beijing Opera,the singing styles of Sun and Wang turned into another aesthetic branch.The disappearance of artistic reference represents a regrettable loss for the in-depth aesthetic interpretation of Tan performing style,and even for the art of laosheng in Beijing Opera in a broader sense.