微波消融在乳腺癌局部精准治疗中的新进展:联合免疫治疗未来可期

New research progress of microwave ablation in the local precise treatment of early-stage breast cancer: the prospect of combined immunotherapy is promising

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,早期乳腺癌治疗以手术为主。目前,早期乳腺癌的诊治已取得了显著进展,但仍需要创新的方法来减少创伤和改善预后。随着乳腺癌治疗手段创新性研究的深入,乳房和腋窝的非手术治疗成为早期乳腺癌治疗的研究热点。微波消融作为一种微创的精准局部治疗方式,具有消融迅速、操作方式简易、术后并发症较少等特点,目前已尝试用于治疗早期乳腺癌,获得了较好的临床效果。此外,有研究报道,早期乳腺癌经微波消融可调节肿瘤免疫微环境,激发体内抗原特异性的抗肿瘤免疫反应。该免疫效应可能与微波消融后肿瘤抗原的大量释放有关。乳腺癌单用免疫治疗效果差,有研究者提出通过联合免疫治疗增强消融免疫效应的方案,但其具体疗效仍需要更多的临床数据支持。随着对于微波消融引起体内免疫效应的研究深入,微波治疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂疗法有望成为全新的精准治疗策略和理念。本文对微波消融在乳腺癌局部精准治疗中的应用研究新进展及未来发展方向进行总结。

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Surgery is the main treatment for early breast cancer.At present, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of early breast cancer. Howover, innovative approaches are still needed to reduce trauma and improve patients’ outcomes. With the progress of innovative research on the treatment of breast cancer, non-surgical treatment of breast and axilla has become a research hotspot of treatment of early breast cancer. Microwave ablation, as a minimally invasive and precise local treatment, has the characteristics of speedy ablation, simple operation method,less postoperative complications and so on. At present, microwave ablation has been used to treat early breast cancer, and has achieved clinical efficacy. In addition, some studies have been reported that microwave ablation of early breast cancer is conducive to regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and stimulating the antigen-specific anti-tumor immune effect in the body.This immune effect may be related to the massive release of tumor antigen after microwave ablation. The effect of immunotherapy alone for breast cancer is poor. Some researchers have proposed a scheme to enhance the ablation immune effect through combined immunotherapy, but its specific effect still needs more clinical data support. With more and more research on the immune effect induced by ablation therapy, microwave ablation combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor is expected to become a new strategy in the precise treatment of breast tumor. This article summarized the new progress and future development direction of microwave ablation in local precise treatment of breast cancer.