产业兴旺的农民解读与现实困境

Thriving of Rural Industries in China:Farmers’Perspectives and the Realities

本研究从农民视角考察乡村产业的发展现状与发展问题,通过分析所调研的五省十村中农民对产业兴旺的理解、在乡村产业中的处境和对乡村产业的具象需求,展示农民视角下乡村产业政策的推进状况和产业发展的制约因素。研究发现,政策话语中产业兴旺的重要目标之一是“旺农民”,而当前乡村产业实践还面临重重困境,与这一目标的实现还有很大的距离。首先,农民对产业兴旺的理解和认知与政策话语中产业兴旺的实现路径存在偏差;其次,农民游离于产业体系边缘,大多数小农户尚未参与具有产业融合特征的产业体系,少数参与者也仅仅从事着临时性、低效能、自负盈亏的产业活动;再次,农民在生产体系中双向脱嵌,既无法完全融入现代农业,也无法回到传统农业;最后,农民在经营体系中与新型农业经营主体或其他农户的合作比较消极,农民的产业主体性尚未被唤醒。基于以上发现,本研究在学术讨论和产业实践方面提出建议,尝试为进一步探讨乡村产业如何惠农兴农提供参考。

This study examines the development status and corresponding issues on how to thrive the rural industries from the perspectives of farmers.With the data obtained from ten villages of five provinces,it depicts farmers’understanding of rural industry development,the realities they are encountering,their concrete needs for thriving rural industries and the implementation effects of rural industry policies as well as the restrictive factors for the development of rural industries.The study shows that the rural industry practice is still facing big challenges for benefitting farmers.First,farmers understand the thriving of rural industries differently from the policy discourse;second,farmers are marginalized from the mainstream industrial systems.Most farmers have not been involved in the system characterized by industrial integration,and only a few are conducting casual,low-efficiency,self-financing activities for some economic benefits.Third,farmers are two-way de-embedded in the production system,and they can neither be fully integrated into modern agriculture nor return to conventional farming;fourth,farmers are passive and inactive in cooperating with other entities in the management system.The subjectivity of farmers has not been awakened to develop their own businesses,resulting in a systematic imbalance of rural industry.Based on the above findings,this study puts forward suggestions for academic research and the thriving practice of rural industries,and attempts to provide a reference for further discussion on how rural industries benefit farmers.