制度可以被移植吗?——美国精英大学本科学院模式的生成与扩散

Can the System be Transplanted?——The generation and diffusion of the undergraduate college model in American elite universities

美国精英大学本科学院模式是在特定的历史语境中生成的,为以博雅教育为核心的传统精英本科教育的运行提供了一系列的制度支持,形成了美国本科教育的基本范式,并影响了其他国家的本科教育改革。那些本科以专业教育为主的高教体系,在学习和移植美国精英大学本科学院模式时所面临的核心困境,是如何应对专业教育与博雅教育两种制度逻辑的冲突。实际上,美国大学自身即提供了专业教育体系处理本科学院制度逻辑的四种路径,即同化、脱耦、重塑和拒斥,呈现了这一特定语境中生成的制度逻辑,如何在不同程度上、以不同的形态与方式,融入不同类型高校的可能性。

The undergraduate college model of American elite universities, generated in a specific historical context of higher education, provides a series of institutional support for the operation of traditional elite undergraduate education with liberal arts education as its core, forms the basic paradigm of undergraduate education in American and influences the reform of undergraduate education in other countries. The core dilemma faced by those higher education systems focused on professional education during learning and transplanting undergraduate college model of elite universities in the United States is how to cope with the conflict between the two institutional logics of professional education and liberal arts education. In fact, the American universities themselves provide four paths for the professional education system to deal with the institutional logic of undergraduate colleges, namely, assimilation, decoupling, reshaping, and rejection, presenting the possibilities of how the institutional logic generated in this particular context integrates into different types of colleges and universities to different degrees and in different forms and ways.