论明清小说中“游士叙事”的空间维度

On the Spatial Dimension of “Traveller Narration” in Ming and Qing Novels

明清游士叙事因游而起,随士而动,空间属性构成了游士叙事的主要特征。其中,有四个方面值得关注:一是“以空间摄结构”,即在明清小说游士叙事中,空间如何通过人物游踪来统摄结构。二是“以空间驭情节”,伴随着小说情节的不断推进,士人的游历空间也在不断转换,空间类型的转换与有代表性的情节类型形成对应关系。三是“以空间实主体”,游士的文化身份开始由单一型逐渐向复合型转变。四是“空间即命运”,在以《老残游记》为代表的晚清小说中,游士形象更具启蒙意义,晚清以来巨大的空间变革推动传统士人在游历中获得启悟和成长,向近代知识分子蜕变转型。

The narrative of tourists in the Ming and Qing dynasties arose from tourism. The spatial attribute constitutes the main characteristics of the narrative of tourists. They have four aspects worthy of attention: one is “taking structure by space”, that is, how space controls the structure through the whereabouts of characters in the narrative of “tourists” in the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The second is “controlling the plot with space”. With the continuous promotion of the plot of the novel, the travel space of scholars is also constantly changing, and the transformation of space types forms a corresponding relationship with representative plot types. Third, the cultural identity of tourists has gradually changed from a single type to a composite type. Fourth, “space is destiny”. In the novels of the late Qing Dynasty represented by the Travels of Laocan, the image of tourists is more enlightening. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the huge spatial changes have promoted the traditional scholars to gain enlightenment and growth in their travels, and to transform into modern intellectuals.