大内御苑营建模式形成要素研究

Research on the Forming Factors of the Garden of Capital Palace Construction Mode

本文通过对我国古典园林发展历程的梳理发现,在我国皇家园林形成过程中,起初并未对皇家园林根据营建位置进行划分,直到南北朝时期,建造在宫城或者皇城之内的皇家园林在规划形制、审美意趣、活动内容、布局方式上逐渐形成独有的营建理法,大内御苑正式成为皇家园林中的重要分支。先秦时期供贵族及天子享乐的宫苑已经具备简单的游赏功能,御苑的概念由此萌芽;秦汉时期专制主义中央集权制成型,巨丽恢宏、气势雄浑的皇家园林大量兴起,苑囿的功能进一步与世俗活动相结合;魏晋南北朝时期,受战争冲击及百家争鸣思潮活跃的影响,园林活动确立了更加复杂的审美意趣,皇家园林的建设理念也得到进一步变化,最终形成了大内御苑的独有造园理法。

Through the analysis of the development process of classical gardens in China, it is found that the royal garden was not divided according to the location of the construction,until the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, the royal gardens gradually underwent great changes in planning shape, aesthetic interest, activity content, and layout methods, and the garden of capital palace officially became an important independent branch of the royal gardens. In the pre-Qin period, the royal gardens for the enjoyment of nobles and emperor already had a simple tour and appreciation function, and the concept of the garden of capital palace sprouted. During the Qin and Han dynasties, according to the authoritarian centralized power,the function of the garden was further combined with secular activities. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, under the influence of the wars and the ideological trend, a more complex aesthetic interest in gardens was established, so that the construction concept of the royal garden was further changed, and finally the unique gardening method of the garden of capital palace was formed.