我国四省市校园欺凌现象调查研究--基于PISA 2018数据的分析

Research on School Bullying in Four Provinces and Cities of China-- Data Analysis Based on PISA 2018

近年来,校园欺凌问题越来越受到社会各界的关注。本文通过分析PISA 2018的调查数据,与经合组织国家的平均水平进行比较,重点考察我国北京、上海、江苏和浙江四省市的校园欺凌状况,发现我国校园欺凌发生率总体低于经合组织国家的平均水平,身体欺凌是我国最为普遍的校园欺凌类型。本研究运用Logistic模型分析影响校园欺凌的因素,发现男生群体和留级生群体更容易受到校园欺凌,在校归属感、父母的情感支持等因素有助于降低学生遭受校园欺凌的概率。在此基础上,本研究探讨了校园欺凌行为的可能成因:集体压力下滋生出的校园暴力行为、“黑羊效应”下的集体无意识霸凌。最后,本研究提出防治建议:明晰内隐式侮辱欺凌的边界,严惩外显式胁迫欺凌的暴力行为;构建关怀型的校园文化环境,增强学生的在校归属感;营造良善的家庭德育环境,给予学生情感支撑。

In recent years,school bullying has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life.By analyzing the survey data of PISA 2018 and comparing with the average level of OECD countries,this paper focuses on the school bullying situation in four provinces of China:Beijing,Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang,and finds that the overall incidence of school bullying in China is lower than OECD average level,and physical bullying is the most common type of school bullying in China.Secondly,logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors of school bullying,and it was found that boys and grade repeat students were more vulnerable to school bullying,and factors such as the sense of belonging at school and parental emotional support could help reduce the probability of students suffering from school bullying.On this basis,this study discusses the possible causes of campus bullying:campus violence generated under collective pressure,and collective unconscious bullying under the“black sheep effect”.Finally,this study puts forward some prevention and treatment suggestions:clear the boundary of implicit bullying and severely punish the explicit violence;build a caring campus culture environment to enhance students’sense of belonging in school;create a good family moral education environment and give students emotional support.