免疫检查点抑制剂联合放射治疗在头颈部鳞状细胞癌治疗中的研究进展

Research progress on immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cellcarcinoma

头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)确诊时,多数患者已是局部晚期,传统治疗方法有限,复发率超过50%。以免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)为主的免疫治疗可以通过激活或增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能,杀伤肿瘤细胞或抑制肿瘤发展,为HNSCC患者的治疗带来了新选择,但单独使用ICI药物治疗的效果有限,仅部分患者可以受益。放射治疗是HNSCC的传统治疗方式之一,对免疫功能有重要的调节作用。放射治疗通过直接杀伤肿瘤细胞和促进肿瘤抗原呈递,引发免疫介导的抗肿瘤反应。ICI与放射治疗存在协同抗肿瘤效应,两者结合能够提高抗肿瘤免疫效应。本文就ICI的作用机制及临床进展,以及二者联合在HNSCC治疗中的理论基础及研究现状进行综述,以期更好地指导临床应用。

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a common malignant tumor.Most patients with HNSCC are in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed.Traditional treatment methods for HNSCC are limited,and the recurrence rate is more than 50%.The development of immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has brought a new option for HNSCC patients.ICIs can kill tumor cells or inhibit the development of tumors by activating or enhancing the antitumor immune function of the body.However,the effectiveness of ICI drug therapy alone is very limited,and only some patients can benefit.Radiotherapy(RT)is one of the traditional treatments for HNSCC.RT can induces immune-mediated antitumor responses by directly killing tumor cells and promoting tumor antigen presentation.ICI has synergistic antitumor effect with radiotherapy,and the combination of ICI and radiotherapy can improve the antitumor immune effect.ICI has synergistic antitumor effect with radiotherapy,and the combination of ICI and radiotherapy can improve the antitumor immune effect.This review summarizes the mechanisms of action and clinical progress of ICI,and the related progress of ICIs combined with RT in HNSCC.