从民族到文化的德国借镜——张君劢1930年代民族主义思想的形成

From Military to Cultural Borrowings from Germany——The Formation of Carsun Chang’s Nationalist Ideology in the 1930s

1930年代,面对日本帝国主义的侵略,张君劢产生了“民族主义思想”。张君劢的民族主义思想是以德国哲学作为借镜与参照系的。其中,费希特、黑格尔思想的影响是他民族主义思想的主要来源。他先是从军事问题入手,提出要建立“民族主体性”,进而,他以费希特思想为主要借鉴,强调从文化的角度树立中华民族的“民族性”,又以黑格尔哲学为参照,主张建立现代的“民族国家”。“民族性”与“民族国家”的内在张力构成了张君劢民族主义思想的特点,即一种“文艺复兴式”的民族启蒙模式。

In the face of the Japanese imperialist aggression, Carsun Chang developed in the 1930 s his nationalist thought with German philosophy as a reference point, among which the thoughts of Fichte and Hegel constituted the main source.He proposed the establishment of "national subjectivity" from the military issue, and then emphasized the cultivation of Chinese nationhood from the cultural perspective, using Fichte’s thought as his main reference.He also advocated the establishment of a modern national state with reference to Hegel’s philosophy.The inner tension between "nationhood" and "national state" constitutes the characteristic of Carsun Chang’s nationalist thought, which is a "Renaissance-style" model of national enlightenment.