广东省中山市小榄镇急诊心血管风险评估

Emergency cardiovascular risk assessment in Xiaolan Town,Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省中山市小榄镇居民心血管病危险因素暴露情况,评估未来10年缺血性心血管病(ICVD)发病危险度,为不同心血管风险类型实施不同的健康管理策略提供科学依据。方法收集2020年2-12月该院急诊门诊收治的1640例20~79岁患者的临床资料,分析心血管疾病相关危险因素(血压、血脂、血糖、吸烟等)暴露情况,并应用Framingham危险评估模型评估未来10年ICVD的发病危险性。结果1640例患者高血压、高血脂、高血糖、吸烟暴露率分别为32.4%(531/1640)、33.9%(556/1640)、33.1%(543/1640)、10.2%(167/1640),10年ICVD绝对危险值大于或等于10%者312例;男性ICVD相关危险因素检出率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男、女性不同年龄患者10年ICVD发病危险度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);随年龄增长男,女性10年ICVD发病中、高危险度均逐渐升高;10年ICVD发病绝对危险值大于或等于10%者各项ICVD危险因素检出率均明显高于小于10%者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄增长者在未来10年发生ICVD的危险性最大。结论广东省中山市小榄镇急诊门诊患者ICVD危险因素水平较高,55~79岁患者10年ICVD发病风险较大,应积极加强对ICVD危险因素的干预。

Objective To understand the exposure to cardiovascular risk factors of residents in Xiaolan town,Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,and to evaluate the incidence risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease(ICVD)in the next 10 years,so as to provide scientific basis for implementing different health management strategies for different cardio vascular risk types.Methods The clinical data of 1640 patients aged 20-79 years who were admitted to the department of emergency in the hospital from February to December 2020 were collected.The exposure to risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases(blood pressure,blood lipid,blood glucose,smoking,etc.)was analyzed.The risk of ICVD over the next 10 years was assessed by Framingham risk assessment model.Results Among 1640 patients,the exposure rate of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and smoking were 32.4%(531/1640),33.9%(556/1640),33.1%(543/1640)and 10.2%(167/1640),respectively.There were 312 patients with 10-year ICVD absolute risk≥10%.The detection rates of risk factors were higher in men than in women,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);There were statistically significant differences in comparing the risk of ICVD over the next 10 years between men and women of different ages(P<0.05).With the increase of age,the middle and high risk of ICVD between men and women for ten years gradually increased.The detection rate of various risk factors of ICVD in patients with 10-year absolute risk value of ICVD≥10% was significantly higher than that in patients with<10%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The risk of developing ICVD in the next 10 years was highest in people who are getting older.Conclusion The risk factors of ICVD are high in emergency outpatients in the northern part of Xiao lan town,Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,and patients aged 55-79 years have a higher ten-year risk of ICVD.Therefore,the intervention of ICVD risk factors should be actively strengthened.