近十年青海湖水面面积和水位变化规律及其成因

Changes of Water Surface Area and Water Level of Qinghai Lake in Recent Ten Years and Its Causes

利用2011年~2021年青海湖下社水文站水位观测资料及其青海湖流域气象观测资料,分析了青海湖水位变化特征和规律,明确了水位变化成因。发现:(1)2011年~2021年期间,青海湖水面面积总体呈上升趋势。(2)2011年~2021年期间,青海湖水位总体上呈增加的变化趋势。(3)全球变暖背景下气候暖湿化形成的青海湖流域降水量增加是引起青海湖水面面积、水位变化的主要因素,同时流域植被恢复、冻土退化导致的径流量增加也是原因之一。文章将为青海湖区乃至青海湖流域的生态环境保护规划与管理提供科学依据。

Based on the water level observation data of the Hydrology station under Qinghai Lake and the meteorological observation data of Qinghai Lake basin from 2011 to 2021,the characteristics and laws of the water level change of Qinghai Lake were analyzed,and the causes of the water level change were clarified,which provided a scientific basis for the ecological environment protection planning and management of Qinghai Lake and even Qinghai Lake basin.Conclusions:(1)From 2011 to 2021,the surface area of Qinghai Lake showed an overall trend of“increase-decrease-increase”.(2)From 2011 to 2021,the water level of Qinghai Lake generally showed an increasing trend.(3)In recent years,the increase of precipitation in Qinghai Lake basin is the main factor causing the change of Qinghai Lake water level.The climate tends to be warm and wet under the background of global warming,vegetation restoration,permafrost degradation,and increased runoff are also the reasons to the change of Qinghai Lake water level.