单原子催化剂的合成及其能源电催化应用的研究进展

Progress in Synthesis and Energy-related Electrocatalysis of Single-atom Catalysts

基于电化学反应的能源储存与转化技术为全球能源结构的转型提供了一条绿色、可持续的途径,高效的电催化剂在其中扮演着重要的角色.得益于在物理、化学性质上的独特优势,单原子催化剂在电催化能源转化方面展现出巨大的应用前景.本文综合评述了单原子催化剂的合成及其能源电催化应用的研究进展,介绍了单原子催化剂的常见表征手段,总结了单原子催化剂的合成方法(湿化学法、高温热解法、原子沉积法、电化学沉积法等),并介绍了该类材料在氧还原、二氧化碳电还原、电解水及氮气电还原反应中的研究进展,重点探讨了催化剂微观结构与其性能之间的关系,最后,对单原子能源电催化领域所面临的挑战进行了总结,并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望.

Energy storage and conversion technology based on electrochemical reactions provide a green and sustainable way for the transformation of global energy structure,in which electrocatalysts with high efficiency play an important role.Benefitting from its unique advantages in physical and chemical properties,single-atom catalysts have shown great application prospects in electrocatalytic energy conversion.Herein,we review the progress in synthesis and energy-related electrocatalysis of single-atom catalysts.Firstly,the common characterization methods of single-atom catalysts are introduced.Subsequently,the synthesis methods of single-atom catalysts are summarized,including wet-chemical method,high temperature pyrolysis method,atomic deposition method,electrochemical deposition method,etc.Then,the research progress of these materials in oxygen reduction,carbon dioxide electroreduction,water electrolysis and nitrogen electroreduction reactions are introduced,with an emphasis on the relationship between structure of the catalyst and its performance.Finally,the current challenges and prospects in this field are discussed.