单基发射药与乳化炸药爆破振动特性对比研究

Comparative Study on Blasting Vibration Characteristics of Single-base Gun Propellant and Emulsion Explosive

为研究单基发射药爆破振动特性,开展了单基发射药与乳化炸药爆破振动实验研究,并对比分析了两种爆破器材的爆破地震波在传播过程的衰减规律和能谱分布规律。利用萨道夫斯基公式和HHT方法对实验测得的爆破振动信号进行分析,得到单基发射药与乳化炸药的爆破振动衰减公式、单基发射药振动的乳化炸药等效系数和边际能量谱等。研究结果表明:单基发射药与乳化炸药的爆破振动质点峰值速度随比例距离衰减的趋势相当,但单基发射药的爆破振动速度及合速度均小于乳化炸药。且本次实验中单基发射药爆破振动的乳化炸药等效系数平均值仅为0.43,说明单位质量单基发射药的爆破振动效应要远小于乳化炸药。此外,单基发射药和乳化炸药爆破振动信号的能量均主要集中于0~50 Hz,随着药量增加乳化炸药的能量分布没有明显变化,而单基发射药振动信号的主频向15~25 Hz移动。虽然单基发射药振动信号能量要低于乳化炸药,但随着实验药量的增加,单基发射药爆破振动总能量与乳化炸药的差距在减小,且单基发射药振动信号在0~10 Hz频段的能量占比随药量和爆心距变化而波动。

In order to study the blasting vibration characteristics of single-base gun propellant,blast experiments of single-base gun propellant and emulsion explosive were conducted.The attenuation law and energy spectrum distribution of the two materials were compared and analyzed.Sadowski formula and HHT method were used to analyze the experimental vibration signals to obtain the blasting vibration attenuation formula,the equivalence coefficient,and the marginal energy spectrum.The results show that the decay trend of peak velocity of single-base gun propellant and emulsion explosive are similar.But the vibration velocity of single direction and vector sum of the single-base gun propellant is lower than that of the emulsion explosive.The average equivalence coefficient of the single-base gun propellant was only 0.43 in present study,indicating that the blasting vibration effect of unit single-base gun propellant is much weaker than that of the emulsion explosive.In addition,the vibration energy of both the single-base gun propellant and the emulsion explosive was mainly distributed between 0 to 50 Hz.With the increase of charge weight,the blasting vibration energy distribution of emulsion explosive barely changed,whereas the main frequency of the vibration signal of the single-base gun propellant is concentrated within 15~25 Hz.Even though the blasting vibration energy of single-base gun propellant is lower than that of emulsion explosive,the difference of total energy between single-base gun propellant and emulsion explosive decreases with the increase of charge weight.In addition,the energy ratio of single-base gun propellant in 0~10 Hz fluctuates with the charge weight and test distance.