浅析爆破作业单位安全监管

Analysis on Safety Supervision of Blasting Operation Units

为了有效提升爆破作业单位在购买、运输、使用和储存民用爆炸物品的全生命周期内的安全管理水平,进一步加强涉爆人员本质安全管理意识,根据自身多年以来对爆破作业单位管理的实践经验与心得体会,在系统总结了当今已有的爆破作业单位管控措施基础上,结合现行法律法规和行业现况,探讨了目前爆破作业单位安全监管主要存在的不足和不规范之处。结果发现:爆破从业人员的专业能力还有待提高,爆破作业过程中及作业后对爆破器材的监管仍存在盲区以及民用爆炸物品储存库安全管理依旧存在经济资源分配不科学、爆炸品长距离运输等不合理之处。并针对以上所述问题,提出了几点相对应的建议与改进措施:通过灵活采用线上+线下有机结合的方法提升民爆行业从业人员的实操技能、理论水平和本质安全管理意识;爆破作业现场采用信息化管理手段,实现民用爆炸物品末端监控;对标生产、销售企业储存库标准化建设和完善储存库日常管控标准以提高民爆物品储存库的管控水平。研究内容可为规范爆破作业和完善爆破单位安全监管的起到积极的推进作用。

It is known that the safety management level of blasting operation units during the whole life cycle of purchasing,transporting,using and storing civil explosives still needs to be effectively improved,and the intrinsic safety management awareness of the explosive-related personnel needs to be further strengthened.To achieve this goal,the deficiencies and irregularities of current safety supervision in blasting operation units are discussed based on practical experience over many years and the systematical analysis of current laws and regulations and industry status.The discussion results show that the professional ability of blasting workers needs to be improved.There are still blind spots in the supervision of blasting equipment during and after blasting operations.Problems still exist in the safety management of civil explosive storage,such as unscientific distribution of economic resources and unreasonable long-distance transportation of explosives.In view of the above-mentioned problems,several corresponding suggestions and improvement measures are put forward.Firstly,the practical operation skills,theoretical level and essential safety management consciousness of civil explosive industry employees can be improved through the flexible combination of online and offline education.Secondly,the end monitoring of civil explosive items can be realized by means of information management in blasting operation sites.Thirdly,the control level of civil explosives magazine can be improved by standardizing the construction of the magazines of production and sales enterprises and perfecting the daily control standards of the magazines.The research results can play a positive role in promoting the standardization of blasting operation and improving the safety supervision of blasting operation units.