挖掘机多路阀阀口冲蚀磨损研究

Erosion of Multi-way Valves Part in Excavator

针对挖掘机多路阀阀口易发生冲蚀磨损导致性能下降及失效的问题,以回转联作为研究对象,建立了以DPM离散相模型和Edwards冲蚀模型为基础的计算模型,并通过Fluent软件模拟了不同流量、阀口开度和颗粒属性下的阀口冲蚀磨损情况,针对发生冲蚀磨损最严重的阀芯区域,分析并得到了冲蚀磨损分布和冲蚀磨损率随流量、阀口开度和颗粒属性的演化规律。结果表明:阀口的冲蚀磨损情况会随流量、阀口开度和颗粒属性的变化而规律变化,对于阀芯部位,磨损面积会随阀口开度变小而变小、随流量增大而增大;开度减小和流量的增加会引起阀芯冲蚀磨损率增大,其中冲蚀磨损率对阀口开度的变化较为敏感,在小开度情况下会出现磨损率的大梯度变化情况,而流量则对冲蚀磨损率影响较为平缓;当固体颗粒在油液中的质量一定时,颗粒直径的变化对阀芯冲蚀磨损率有较大影响。

To address the problem of excavator multi-way valve orifice prone to erosion leading to performance degradation and failure, a computational model based on DPM discrete phase model and Edwards erosion model was established with the swing part as the research object, and the orifice erosion under different flow rates, orifice openings and particle properties was simulated by Fluent software, and the most serious erosion occurred in the spool area. The evolution of erosion distribution and erosion rate with flow rate, orifice opening and particle properties were analyzed and obtained. The results show that the erosion of the valve orifice varies with the flow rate, orifice opening and particle properties, and the wear area of the spool area decreases with the smaller orifice opening and increases with the larger flow rate. The decrease of opening and the increase of flow rate will cause the increase of spool erosion wear rate, where the erosion rate is more sensitive to the change of valve opening, there will be a large gradient change of wear rate in the case of small opening, while the flow rate has a more moderate effect on the erosion. When the mass of solid particles in the fluid is certain, the change of particle diameter has a greater effect on the erosion and wear rate of the spool.