政策工具视角下我国疫苗接种政策文本量化分析

Quantitative Analysis of Vaccination Policy Texts in China from the Perspective of Policy Tools

目的:分析我国现阶段疫苗接种政策的着重点和不足,为政府完善政策体系提供合理性建议。方法:采用内容分析法,从政策工具的角度出发,结合政策文本聚类,构建政策“工具-主题”分析的二维框架,对纳入的119份政策文件进行量化分析。结果:环境型、需求型、供给型政策工具的应用频率分别为69.23%、3.74%、27.03%。政府对不同政策主题的关注度不同。结论:我国疫苗接种政策的出台逐渐以价值型为导向,但效力较低且主体合力不高,要增强政策制定的层级与合作关系。3种政策工具总体结构和内部结构失衡,需优化其组合结构。政策主题关注度不均衡,应结合实际灵活调整其侧重点。注意加强政策工具和政策主题的协调性,提高疫苗接种政策制定的现代化水平。

Objective:To analyze the emphases and deficiencies of China’s vaccination policy at present,so as to provide reasonable suggestions for the government to improve the policy system.Methods:Using the content analysis method,starting from the perspective of policy tools and combining policy text clustering,a two-dimensional framework of policy"tool-topic"analysis was constructed,and the included 119 policy documents were quantitatively analyzed.Results:The application frequency of environment-oriented,demand-oriented and supply-oriented policy tools was 69.23%,3.74%and 27.03%respectively.Government paid different attention to different policy topics.Conclusion:China’s vaccination policy has gradually been value-oriented,but the coordination among departments is insufficient,and the cooperative relationship should be strengthened.The overall structure and internal structure of the three policy tools are out of balance,and their combined structure needs to be optimized.The attention of policy topics is not balanced,it should adjust its emphases flexibly according to reality.Attention should be paid to enhancing the coordination of policy tools and topics and modernizing vaccination policy formulation.