论系统观视角下前期访谈在自杀危机干预中的重要作用

On the Importance of Early Interview in Suicide Intervention from the Perspective of Systematic View

近年,社会经济、文化的高速发展与人们应对快节奏生活能力不足的矛盾,在地震、疫情等自然灾害的影响下日益加剧,人们经历更多的丧失或者面对丧失的恐惧,心理问题特别是自杀心理危机事件增多。作为维护社会治安主体的警察,在警务工作中面对并参与处理的自杀事件也呈上升趋势,这就涉及到自杀危机干预的方方面面。目前,对自杀危机干预的研究多聚焦于自杀的前期预防、自杀实施中的个体安全、危机评估、处理建构等模式、流程方面,对访谈特别是前期访谈在处理自杀后系统成员危机干预工作中的地位和作用论述不多,访谈多是作为危机干预中建立关系、获取信息的一种技术被一掠而过。本文在众多研究基础上,立足于警务工作中自杀后危机干预实践,从系统观的视角出发,着重阐述前期访谈在处理自杀后系统成员危机干预过程中的重要性,以期建立以访谈为前提,以“六步法”为主线,更加完善、系统、全面的危机干预工作体系,从而提升危机干预效益。

In recent years,the contradiction between the rapid development of economy and culture and people's lack of ability to cope with fast-paced life is increasingly intensified under the influence of earthquakes,epidemics and other natural disasters,people experience more loss or fear of loss.Psychological problems,especially suicide cases increased.As the main force of maintaining public security,the police deal with more and more suicide cases in in their daily police work.Therefore,knowledge of suicide intervention becomes crucial.At present,the research of suicide intervention focuses on prevention,individual safety,crisis assessment and crisis handling.The status and role of interviews,especially the early interviews,in dealing with the post-suicide intervention have not been discussed much,interviews are often skimmed as a technique for building relationships and getting information during crisis intervention.Based on the practice of post-suicide intervention and from the perspective of systematic view,this paper emphasizes the importance of early interview in the process of post-suicide intervention,it is expected to establish a more perfect,systematic and comprehensive crisis intervention system with interviews as premise and“six-step method”as main line,so as to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of crisis intervention.