高等教育的帕累托优化与区域均衡发展

Pareto Optimization and Balanced Regional Development of Higher Education

文章参照基尼系数方法,提出了基于人口数的高校分布均等度和大学文化程度人口分布均等度的概念,并据第七次全国人口普查有关数据进行了有关计算。结果表明,经过高等教育大众化的进程,全国普通高校和大学文化程度人口基于人口数的省际分布均等度都有所提高。突出问题在于优质高等教育资源配置的区域差异巨大与省域内基于人口数的市际高校分布均等度和大学文化程度人口分布均等度偏低,后者也反映了高等教育发展过于集中在大城市而忽略了中小城市。导致这些问题的原因之一在于高等教育资源配置上所强调的竞争型途径和集聚性效应。要促进高等教育的区域均衡发展,应重视补偿型途径和辐射性效应。

Referring to the Gini coefficient method, this paper puts forward the concepts of equilibrium distribution degree of universities and university-educated people based on populations, and calculates the relevant data according to the seventh national population census. The results indicate that after the popularization of higher education, the provincial distribution of the number of ordinary colleges and universities and university-educated people based on populations has increased. The outstanding problems lie in the huge regional differences in the allocation of higher education resources and the low city equilibrium distribution degree of universities and university-educated people based on populations within a province. The latter problem also reflects that the development of higher education is very much concentrated in big cities, while small and medium cities are ignored. One of the reasons leading to the over-concentration of certain resources in the development of higher education is that the Pareto Optimization of higher education resources allocation emphasizes the competitive approach and the agglomeration effect. In order to promote the balanced regional development of higher education, we should pay attention to the compensatory approach and the radiation effect.