教育福利视角下英美促进高等教育入学机会公平政策比较

A Comparative Study on Policies of Promoting Fair Access to Higher Education in Britain and the US from the Perspective of Educational Welfare

高等教育公平一直是政策研究关注的重点,研究者在梳理英美两国促进高等教育入学机会公平政策演进历程的基础上,运用吉尔伯特和特雷尔社会福利政策框架,围绕为谁提供政策、提供什么政策、如何提供政策以及如何筹集经费四个方面,对其进行分析和比较,总结出两国促进高等教育入学机会公平政策的特点。中国促进高等教育入学机会公平政策制定和实施可借鉴相关经验,细化弱势群体识别办法,精准定位政策惠及对象;调整公平政策内容供给,凸显改善地区教育导向;优化公平政策实施策略,构建促进公平长效机制;拓展工作经费筹措渠道,注重弱势群体全程关怀。

Higher education equity has always been the focus of policy research. Based on the review of policy formulation and evolution, this study makes a comparative study on policies of promoting fair access to higher education in Britain and the United States of America. Through the Neil Gilbert and Paul Terrell welfare policy framework, the study summarizes the characteristics of two countries’ policies of promoting fair access to higher education from aspects of policy makers, policy content, policy methods and funds. The formulation and implementation of policies of promoting fair access to higher education in China can learn from relevant experience, refine the methods of identifying under-represented groups, and accurately locate the beneficiaries of the policies. We should also adjust the supply of fair access policies and highlight the orientation to improve regional education conditions;optimize the implementation strategy of fair access policies and build a long-term mechanism to promote equity;expand fund-raising channels and pay attention to the care for under-represented groups throughout the whole process.