融合多感知的乡镇生态环境质量综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Eco-Environmental Quality of Villages and Towns Integrating Multiple Perceptions

我国乡村生态环境质量评价工作起步较晚,且相关研究大多套用城市等较大尺度区域的评价模式,缺少针对乡镇尺度的生态环境质量评价方法与体系。本文通过将遥感、传感、人感等主客观感知手段相融合,实现多种感知方式的时空互补和属性互补,构建了融合多感知的乡镇生态环境质量综合评价体系,并对蓟州区乡镇生态环境质量评价进行了实例研究与深入分析。结果表明,各乡镇的多感知指数总体上呈现出以洇溜镇、渔阳镇等为中心向外围逐步增高的趋势;各乡镇主客观感知的评价结果在空间分布上不尽一致,需要在改善生态环境质量的同时,提高居民对生态环境的满意度。多感知融合的乡村生态环境质量评价体系和单一感知手段相比,可以实现快速、全面、科学的乡村生态环境质量评价的构键,为我国乡村生态环境质量监测与评价工作提供新的视角和科学支撑。

Rural areas play an important role in the construction of ecological civilization under the background of rural revitalization.In China,the evaluation of eco-environmental quality of villages and towns started late,and most of the related studies applied the evaluation model of large-scale areas such as cities,lacking the evaluation method and system of eco-environmental quality of villages and towns.Meanwhile,with the advancement of science and technology,the disadvantages of traditional ecological environment evaluation methods are gradually emerging,including long evaluation cycle,numerous evaluation indicators,difficult data acquisition,lack of residents’ participation,and so on.In response to the above problems,through the integration of subjective and objective perception means such as remote sensing,sensor sensing and human sensing,which realizes the spatial-temporal complementarity and attribute complementarity of the three perception means,it constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of ecological environment quality of villages and towns by integrating multiple perceptions.A case study and analysis in depth on the evaluation of ecological environment quality were then carried out in villages and towns of Jizhou District,Tianjin City,China.For remote sensing,Landsat 8 multispectral images were used to calculate the four indicators for greenness,moiture,dryness and heat of Jizhou District.Then the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) was aggregated based on these four indicators.The sensor sensing ecological index is based on the sensor monitoring data of the air quality monitoring stations released by the ecological environment departments of the cities surrounding Jizhou District,and integrates the multi-source data such as land use,points of interest,night light and digital elevation model to build an air quality land use regression model,which simulates the spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide in Jizhou district.Based on the Internet platform,it put and collected questionnaires in various administrative villages in Jizhou District,and obtained the perception of the villagers in Jizhou District on the quality of the ecological environment and the level of pollution discharge,as well as the overall satisfaction with the ecological environment.The township eco-environment index obtained by the above three sensing means was further summarized according to the administrative boundary of the township,and a comprehensive index of the township eco-environment integrating multi perception was constructed.The results of remote sensing showed that the areas with better eco-environmental quality are concentrated in the northern mountain forest area,the southern farmland,paddy field,reservoir and flood discharge area of Jizhou District.The eco-environmental quality of the populated villages and towns in the middle was relatively poor,especially around the reservoir(such as Yuyang Town).The results of sensor sensing showed that the air quality of villages and towns in Jizhou District was good according to the national air quality standard.The overall NO2 pollution situation in the 26 townships of Jizhou District in 2020 was relatively mild,and the annual average concentration of NO2 in each township was not seen to exceed the standard.The results of human sensing showed that most of the residents in Jizhou District were satisfied with the surrounding ecological environment.The perceived ecological environment quality,perceived pollution emission and eco-environment satisfaction in general were higher in the mountainous areas north of Yuyang Town and around Yuqiao Rreservoir than in the townships in the south of Jizhou District.Generally,the multi-perception index of each township shows a trend of gradually increasing from the center of Yinliu Town and Yuyang Town to the outside.At the same time,the evaluation results of subjective and objective perception of each township are not consistent in spatial distribution.This distribution trend is related to the distribution of population activities and industries in each township of Jizhou District.The central area,such as Yuyang Town,although the objective remote sensing index and sensor sensing index of the ecological environment are relatively low,the environmental satisfaction is relatively high,probably due to the relatively better ecological environment infrastructure,and vice versa;while the southern area,although the objective perceived ecological environment is relatively good,the level of economic development is relatively low and the environmental infrastructure may not be comparable to that in the central region,resulting in relatively low satisfaction.It is necessary to improve the residents’ satisfaction with the ecological environment while improving the quality of the ecological environment.Compared with the single perception method,the multi-perception integration eco-environmental quality evaluation system can achieve rapid,comprehensive and scientific eco-environmental quality evaluation of villages and towns,which can not only provide a scientific basis for the ecological planning and construction of the relevant departments of local villages and towns,but also provide references for improving and maintaining a good village and town living environment and ecological environment in the future.It is also of great significance to promote the sustainable development of villages and towns and the construction of ecological civilization.Meanwhile,it can provide a new perspective and scientific support for eco-environmental quality monitoring and evaluation of villages and towns in China.